Tunneling of low-frequency waves through the subcrustal lithosphere
Article Sidebar
Published:
Apr 8, 1976
Keywords:
Tunnel waves,
Teleseismic Pn, Sn transmission,
Thin high-velocity layers in lower lithosphere,
Synthetic seismograms,
Model of lower lithosphere
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
Tunnel waves are long period waves which on overcritical incidence have penetrated through thin high-velocity layers. The generation and propagation of these waves are studied by numerical experiments using synthetic seismograms. Tunnel waves may occur as secondary and primary arrivals, on retrograde and prograde branches. Observations from explosion and teleseismic data with low-frequency tunnel waves are presented. A model of the lower lithosphere with thin high-velocity layers explains not only the occurrence of tunnel waves but also the high-frequency transmission of Pn and Sn waves to teleseismic distances. This model is in accordance with the observation of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle and suggests refinements of existing petrological models of the lower lithosphere.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Fuchs, K., & Schulz, K. (1976). Tunneling of low-frequency waves through the subcrustal lithosphere. Journal of Geophysics, 42(1), 175-190. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/86
Section
References
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Bamford, D. (1973) Refraction data in Western Germany - a time-term interpretation. J. Geophys. 39:907-928
Bamford, D., Faber, S., Jacob, B., Kaminski, W., Nunn, K., Prodehl, C., Fuchs, K., King. R., Willmore, P. (1976) A lithospheric seismic profile in Britain - I. Preliminary results. Geophys. J. 44:145-160
Bath, M. (1966) Propagation of Sn and Pn to teleseismic distances. Pure Appl. Geophys. 64:19-30
Bath, M. (1967) Observation of teleseismic Pn phases. Pure Appl. Geophys. 66:30-36
Berry, M., Fuchs, K. (1973) Crustal structure of the Superior and Greenville Provinces of the northeastern Canadian Shield. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 63:1393-1432
Brekhovskikh, L. (1960) Waves in layered media. Academic Press, New York
Červeny, C., Kozak, J. (1972) Experimental evidence and investigation of pseudospherical waves. J. Geophys. 38:617-626
Červeny, V., Kozak, J., Pseucik, I. (1972) Refraction of elastic waves into a medium of lower velocity - pseudospherical waves. Pure Appl. Geophys. 92:115-132
Fuchs, K., Muller, G. (1971) Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations. Geophys. J. 23:417-433
Green, D.H., Liebermann, R.C. (1975) Phase equilibria and physical properties at the low velocity zones. Abstr. of paper presented at the XVI. General Assembly of IUGG, Grenoble
Hales, A.L., Helsley, C.E., Nation, J.B. (1970) P travel times for an oceanic path. J. Geophys. Res. 75:7362-7381
Hirn, A., Steinmetz, L., Kind, R., Fuchs. K. (1973) Long range profiles in Western Europe: II. Fine structure of the lower lithosphere in France (Southern Bretagne). J. Geophys. 39:363-384
Kind, R. (1974) Long-range propagation of seismic energy in the lower lithosphere. J. Geophys. 40:189-202
Kosminskaya, I.P., Belyaevsky, N.A., Volvovsky, I.S. (1969) Explosion seismology in the USSR. In: Hart, P.J. (Ed.) The earth's crust and upper mantle. A.G.U. monogr. 13:195-208
Kosminskaya, I.P., Puzyrev, N.N., Alexeyev. A.S. (1972) Explosion seismology: its past, present and future. In: Ritsema, A.R. (Ed.) The upper mantle. Tectonophysics 13:309-323
Krey, Th. (1957) Erweiterte Moglichkeiten fur die Refraktionsseismik durch die Verwendung von Geophonen mit niedriger Eigenfrequenz. Geol. Jahrb. 74:523-530
Mayer-Rosa, D., Mueller, St. (1973) The gross velocity-depth distribution of P- and S-waves in the upper mantle of Europe from earthquake observations. J. Geophys. 39:395-410
Mellman, G. R., Helmberger, D. V. (1974) High-frequency attenuation by a thin high-velocity layer. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 64:1383-1388
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Molnar, P., Oliver, J. (1969) Lateral variations of attenuation in the upper mantle and discontinuities in the lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74:2648-2682
Mueller, S., Prodehl, C., Mendes, A.-S., Moreira, V.S. (1973) Crustal structure in the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula. Tectonophysics 20:307-318
Press, F., Oliver, J., Ewing, M. (1954) Seismic model study of refractions from a layer of finite thickness. Geophysics 19:388-401
Raitt, R.W., Shor jr., G.G., Francis, T.J., Morris. G.B. (1969) Anisotropy of the Pacific upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 74:3095-3109
Richards, P.G. (1973) Calculation of body waves. for caustics and tunneling in core phases. Geo phys. J. 35:243-264
Ryaboi, V.Z. (1966) Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of deep waves associated with boundaries in the crust and upper mantle. lzv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser., AGU transl. 3:177-184
Sapin, M., Prodehl, C. (1973) Long range profiles in western Europe. I. Crustal structure between the Bretagne and the Central Massif Central. Ann. Geophys. 29:127-145
Schulz, K. (1975) Die Bedeutung von Tunnelwellen in der Explosionsseismik. Diplom-thesis, Universitat Karlsruhe, 94 p.
Sutton, G.H., Walker, D.A. (1972) Oceanic mantle phases recorded on seismographs in the northwestern Pacific at distances between 7° and 40°. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 62:631-655
Walker, D.A., Sutton, G.H. (1971) Oceanic mantle phases recorded on hydrophones in the northwestern Pacific at distances between 9° and 40°. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 61:65-78
Zverev, S., Tulina, Yu. (1971) Deep seismic sounding of the earth crust in the continental shelf between Sachalin and H9kkaido. NAUKA. Moscow, 281p.
Bamford, D. (1973) Refraction data in Western Germany - a time-term interpretation. J. Geophys. 39:907-928
Bamford, D., Faber, S., Jacob, B., Kaminski, W., Nunn, K., Prodehl, C., Fuchs, K., King. R., Willmore, P. (1976) A lithospheric seismic profile in Britain - I. Preliminary results. Geophys. J. 44:145-160
Bath, M. (1966) Propagation of Sn and Pn to teleseismic distances. Pure Appl. Geophys. 64:19-30
Bath, M. (1967) Observation of teleseismic Pn phases. Pure Appl. Geophys. 66:30-36
Berry, M., Fuchs, K. (1973) Crustal structure of the Superior and Greenville Provinces of the northeastern Canadian Shield. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 63:1393-1432
Brekhovskikh, L. (1960) Waves in layered media. Academic Press, New York
Červeny, C., Kozak, J. (1972) Experimental evidence and investigation of pseudospherical waves. J. Geophys. 38:617-626
Červeny, V., Kozak, J., Pseucik, I. (1972) Refraction of elastic waves into a medium of lower velocity - pseudospherical waves. Pure Appl. Geophys. 92:115-132
Fuchs, K., Muller, G. (1971) Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations. Geophys. J. 23:417-433
Green, D.H., Liebermann, R.C. (1975) Phase equilibria and physical properties at the low velocity zones. Abstr. of paper presented at the XVI. General Assembly of IUGG, Grenoble
Hales, A.L., Helsley, C.E., Nation, J.B. (1970) P travel times for an oceanic path. J. Geophys. Res. 75:7362-7381
Hirn, A., Steinmetz, L., Kind, R., Fuchs. K. (1973) Long range profiles in Western Europe: II. Fine structure of the lower lithosphere in France (Southern Bretagne). J. Geophys. 39:363-384
Kind, R. (1974) Long-range propagation of seismic energy in the lower lithosphere. J. Geophys. 40:189-202
Kosminskaya, I.P., Belyaevsky, N.A., Volvovsky, I.S. (1969) Explosion seismology in the USSR. In: Hart, P.J. (Ed.) The earth's crust and upper mantle. A.G.U. monogr. 13:195-208
Kosminskaya, I.P., Puzyrev, N.N., Alexeyev. A.S. (1972) Explosion seismology: its past, present and future. In: Ritsema, A.R. (Ed.) The upper mantle. Tectonophysics 13:309-323
Krey, Th. (1957) Erweiterte Moglichkeiten fur die Refraktionsseismik durch die Verwendung von Geophonen mit niedriger Eigenfrequenz. Geol. Jahrb. 74:523-530
Mayer-Rosa, D., Mueller, St. (1973) The gross velocity-depth distribution of P- and S-waves in the upper mantle of Europe from earthquake observations. J. Geophys. 39:395-410
Mellman, G. R., Helmberger, D. V. (1974) High-frequency attenuation by a thin high-velocity layer. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 64:1383-1388
Mituch, E., Posgay, K. (1972) Hungary. In: Muller, P. (Ed.) Geophysical Transact. Hungarian Geophys. Institute, Budapest, pp. 118-129
Molnar, P., Oliver, J. (1969) Lateral variations of attenuation in the upper mantle and discontinuities in the lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74:2648-2682
Mueller, S., Prodehl, C., Mendes, A.-S., Moreira, V.S. (1973) Crustal structure in the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula. Tectonophysics 20:307-318
Press, F., Oliver, J., Ewing, M. (1954) Seismic model study of refractions from a layer of finite thickness. Geophysics 19:388-401
Raitt, R.W., Shor jr., G.G., Francis, T.J., Morris. G.B. (1969) Anisotropy of the Pacific upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 74:3095-3109
Richards, P.G. (1973) Calculation of body waves. for caustics and tunneling in core phases. Geo phys. J. 35:243-264
Ryaboi, V.Z. (1966) Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of deep waves associated with boundaries in the crust and upper mantle. lzv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser., AGU transl. 3:177-184
Sapin, M., Prodehl, C. (1973) Long range profiles in western Europe. I. Crustal structure between the Bretagne and the Central Massif Central. Ann. Geophys. 29:127-145
Schulz, K. (1975) Die Bedeutung von Tunnelwellen in der Explosionsseismik. Diplom-thesis, Universitat Karlsruhe, 94 p.
Sutton, G.H., Walker, D.A. (1972) Oceanic mantle phases recorded on seismographs in the northwestern Pacific at distances between 7° and 40°. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 62:631-655
Walker, D.A., Sutton, G.H. (1971) Oceanic mantle phases recorded on hydrophones in the northwestern Pacific at distances between 9° and 40°. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 61:65-78
Zverev, S., Tulina, Yu. (1971) Deep seismic sounding of the earth crust in the continental shelf between Sachalin and H9kkaido. NAUKA. Moscow, 281p.