A relation between continental heat flow and the seismic reflectivity of the lower crust
Article Sidebar
Published:
Apr 23, 1987
Keywords:
Reflection seismology,
Deep-crustal reflection profiling,
Heat flow,
Continental lower crust
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
Deep seismic reflection profiling of the continental crust has found world-wide evidence for prominent reflections from the middle and lower crust. This paper presents evidence for a correlation between the depth to the zone of pronounced reflectivity (the 'reflective lower crust') and the surface heat flow. The highly reflective zone appears to be shallower beneath regions with higher heat flow, suggesting that one condition for the development of the reflective zone is the existence of a sufficiently high temperature in the crust. The data presented in this paper suggest that the highly reflective zone is generally developed only at temperatures higher than 300°-400 °C. This correlation of reflectivity with heat flow implies that crustal reflectivity must be variable on the same time scales on which crustal heat flow is variable. This constraint appears to favour an origin for the lower crustal reflectivity related either to ductile strain banding or to free fluids that may be transient on geologic time scales, rather than to compositional layering or multiple igneous intrusions that are relatively permanent features of the crust.
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Klemperer, S. (1987). A relation between continental heat flow and the seismic reflectivity of the lower crust. Journal of Geophysics, 61(1), 1-11. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/6
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References
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Allmendinger, R.W., Hauge, T.A., Hauser, E.C., Potter, C.J., Klemperer, S.L., Nelson, K.D., Knuepfer, P., Oliver, J. (1987a ) Overview of the COCORP 40° N transect, western USA: the fabric of an orogenic belt. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 98, (3), (in press)
Allmendinger, R.W., Hauge, T.A., Hauser, E.C., Potter, C.J., Oliver, J. (1987b) Tectonic heredity and the layered lower crust in the Basin and Range province, western United States. In: Continental extensional tectonics, M.P. Coward, J.F. Dewey, eds., Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. Lond., 28, 223-246
Ando, C.J., Cook, F.A., Oliver, J.E., Brown, L.D., Kaufman, S. (1983) Crustal geometry of the Appalachian orogen from seismic reflection studies. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 158, 83-101
Ansorge, J., Emter, D., Fuchs, K., Lauer, J.P., Muller, St., Peterschmitt, E. (1970) Structure of the crust and upper mantle in the rift system around the Rhine graben. In: Graben problems, J.H. Illies, St. Mueller, eds.: pp. 190-197. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart
Bamford, S.A.D. (1972) Evidence for a low-velocity zone in the crust beneath the western British Isles. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 30, 101-105
Bartelsen, H., Lueschen, E., Krey, Th., Meissner, R., Schmoll, H., Walter, Ch. (1982) The combined seismic reflection-refraction investigation of the Urach geothermal anomaly. In: The Urach geothermal project, R. Haenel, ed.: pp. 247-262. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart
BIRPS, ECORS Deep seismic reflection profiling between England, France and Ireland. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 143, 45-52, 1986
Bloomer, J.R., Richardson, S.W., Oxburgh, E.R. (1979) Heat flow in Britain: an assessment of the values and their reliability. In: Terrestrial heat-flow in Europe, V. Cermak, L. Rybach, eds.: pp. 293-300. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Blundell, D.J., Parks, R. (1969) A study of the crustal structure beneath the Irish Sea. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 17, 45-62
Bois, C., Cazes, M., Damote, B., Galdeano, A., Hirn, A., Mascle, A., Matte, P., Raoult, J.F., Torreilles, G. (1986) Deep seismic profiling of the crust in northern France: the ECORS project. In: Reflection seismology: A global perspective, M. Barazangi, L. Brown, eds.: A. G. U. Geodynamics Series 13, 21-29
Bolsche, J., Kresser, K.D. (1978) First results of depth-seismic exploration in the southern part of the G.D.R. In: Proceedings of the XXIInd International Geophysics Symposium, Prague (1977), 457-471
Bram, K. (1979) Heat flow measurements in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Terrestrial heat-flow in Europe, V. Cermak, L. Rybach, eds.: pp. 191-196. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Brewer, J.A., Matthews, D.H., Warner, M.R., Hall, J., Smythe, D.K., Whittington, R.J. (1983) BIRPS deep seismic reflection studies of the British Caledonides. Nature 305, 206-210
Brown, L.D., Krumhansl, P.A., Chapin, C.E., Sanford, A.R., Cook, F.A., Kaufman, S., Oliver, J.E., Schilt, F.S. (1979) COCORP seismic reflection studies of the Rio Grande Rift. In: Rio Grande Rift: tectonics and magmatism, R.E. Riecker, ed.: AGU
Brown, L., Ando, C., Klemperer, S., Oliver, J., Kaufman, S., Czuchra, B., Walsh, T., Isachsen, Y.W. (1983) Adirondack-Appalachian crustal structure: the COCORP northeast traverse. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 94, 1173-1184
Brown, L., Barazangi, M., Kaufman, S., Oliver, J. (1986) The first decade of COCORP: 1974-1984. In: Reflection seismology: A global perspective, M. Barazangi, L. Brown, eds.: A. G. U. Geodynamics Series 13, 107-120
Cermak, V. (1979) Heat flow map of Europe. In: Terrestrial heat-flow in Europe, V. Cermak, L. Rybach, eds.: pp. 3-40. Berlin: Springer
Cermak, V., Zahradnik, J. (1982) Two-dimensional correlation of heat flow and crustal thickness in Europe. In: Geothermics and geothermal energy, V. Cermak, R. Haenel, eds.: pp. 17-25. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart
Collins, C.D.N. (1978) Crustal structure of the central Bowen Basin, Queensland. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 3, 203-209
Cook, F.A., Simony, P.S., Coflin, K.C., Green, A.G., Milkereit, B., Price, R.A., Parrish, R., Patenaude, C., Gordy, P.L., Brown, R.L. (1987) Lithoprobe southern Canadian Cordilleran transect: Rocky Mountain thrust belt to Valhalla gneiss complex. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 89, 91-98
Cull, J.P. (1982) An appraisal of Australian heat-flow data. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 7, 11-21
Cull, J.P., Conley, D. (1983) Geothermal gradients and heat flow in Australian sedimentary basins. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 8, 329-337
DEKORP Research Group (1985) First results and preliminary interpretation of deep-reflection seismic recordings along profile DEKORP 2-South. J. Geophys. 57, 137-163
Demnati, A., Dohr, G. (1965) Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierungen im Bereich des Oberrheintalgrabens und des Kraichgaues. J. Geophys. 31, 229-245
Dobrin, M.B. (1976) Introduction to geophysical prospecting, 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 630
Dohr, G. (1970) Reflexionsseismische Messungen im Oberrheingraben mit digitaler Aufzeichnungstechnik und Bearbeitung. In: Graben problems, J.H. Illies, St. Mueller, eds.: pp. 207-218. Stuttgart: Schweizer bart
Dohr, G., Lukic, P., Bachmann, G.H. (1983) Deep crustal reflections in the Northwest-German Basin. In: Seismic expression of structural styles, A.W. Bally, ed.: Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Studies in Geology 15, (1), 1.5-1- 1.5-5
Farmer, H.G., Allmendinger, R.W., Peddy, C., Oliver, J., Kaufman, S., Brown, L. (1987 ) Crustal structure of the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition in central Utah from COCORP seismic reflection data. Bull. Am. Assn. Petrol. Geol. (in press)
Finlayson, D.M. (1982) Seismic crustal structure of the Proterozoic North Australian craton between Tennant Creek and Mount Isa. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 10569-10578
Finlayson, D.M., Collins, C.D.N., Lock, J. (1984) P-wave velocity features of the lithosphere under the Eromanga Basin, easten Australia, including a prominent mid-crustal (Conrad?) discontinuity. Tectonophysics 101, 267-291
Fyfe, W.S., Kerrich, R. (1985) Fluids and thrusting. Chern. Geol. 49, 353-362
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