Tomographic imaging of the Andravida blind strike-slip fault (Western Greece)
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Published:
Jul 12, 2019
Keywords:
Andravida earthquake,
Western Greece,
Travel-time tomography,
Restraining bends
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
On 8 June 2008 at 12:25 GMT, a large (Mw6.4) earthquake occurred NE of the town of Andravida in Western Peloponnese, Greece – an area characterized by high seismicity during the last decade. In this study, the local velocity structure of the Andravida Fault Zone (AFZ) is investigated primarily using data recorded during the period 2012-2017 by the Hellenic Unified Seismological Network (HUSN). We selected about 1,500 seismic events recorded by the local HUSN stations as well as the Hellenic Strong-Motion Network (HSMN). By applying tomographic inversion, we produced and interpreted 3D models of VP, VS, and VP/VS ratio in the study area. The spatial distribution of the aftershocks, as well as the 3D model derived by Local Earthquake Tomography (LET), provided evidence for the rupture plane. Surface breaks and minor faults are found to be oblique to the main direction of the AFZ, as a result of a restraining bend in Mtn. Movri and the formation of a positive flower-structure in the shallow layers of the upper crust.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Karakonstantis, A., Pavlou, K., & Kapetanidis, V. (2019). Tomographic imaging of the Andravida blind strike-slip fault (Western Greece). Journal of Geophysics, 63(1), 1-14. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/29
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References
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Drakatos, G., Melis, N., Papanastassiou, D., Karastathis, V., Papadopoulos, G., Stavrakakis, G. (2002) 3D Crustal Velocity Structure from Inversion of Local Earthquake Data in Attiki (Central Greece) Region. Natural Hazards 27(N1-2):1-14
Evans, J.P., Chester, F.M. (1995) Fluid–rock interaction in faults of the San-Andreas system — inferences from San-Gabriel fault rock geochemistry and microstructures. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 100:13007-13020
Faulkner, D.R., Lewis, A.C., Rutter, E.H. (2003) On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras Fault in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 367(3–4):235-251
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Ganas, A., Oikonomou, A.I., Tsimi, Ch. (2013) NOAFAULTS: a digital database for active faults in Greece. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece XLVI
Halpaap, F., Rondenay, S., Ottemöller, L. (2018) Seismicity, Deformation and Metamorphism in the Western Hellenic Subduction Zone – New Constraints from Tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 123:3000–3026
Hansen, S. E., Evangelidis, C. P., Papadopoulos, G. A. (2019) Imaging slab detachment within the Western Hellenic Subduction Zone. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20:895–912
Humphreys, E., Clayton, R.W. (1988) Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1073-1085
Hollenstein, C., M. D. Müller, A. Geiger, Kahle, H.-G. (2008) Crustal motion and deformation in Greece from a decade of GPS measurements, 1993–2003. Tectonophysics 449:17–40
Jaxybulatov, K., Koulakov, I., Ibs-von Seht, M., Klinge, K., Reichert, C., Dahren, B., Troll, V.R. (2011) Evidence for high fluid/melt content beneath Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) from local earthquake tomography. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 206(3-4):96-105
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Kapetanidis, V., Papadimitriou, P., Makropoulos, K. (2010) A cross-correlation technique for relocation of seismicity in the western Corinth rift. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, Proc. 12th Intl. Cong. Patras, May 2010, XLIII(4):2015-2015
Kapetanidis, V., Kassaras, I. (2019) Contemporary crustal stress of the Greek region deduced from earthquake focal mechanisms. J. Geodyn. 123:55–82
Karakonstantis, A. (2017) 3D simulation of crust and upper mantle structure in the broader Hellenic area through Seismic Tomography. Dissertation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
Kassaras, I., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A., Kaviris, G., Papadimitriou, P., Voulgaris, N., Makropoulos, K., Popandopoulos, G., Moshou, A. (2014) The April–June 2007 Trichonis Lake earthquake swarm (W. Greece): New implications toward the causative fault zone. J. Geodyn. 73:60-80
Kassaras, I., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A. (2016) On the spatial distribution of seismicity and the 3D tectonic stress field in western Greece. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C 95:50-72
Kiratzi, A., Sokos, E., Ganas, A., Tselentis, A., Benetatos, C., Roumelioti, Z., Serpetsidaki, A., Andriopoulos, G., Galanis, O., Petrou, P. (2008) The April 2007 earthquake swarm near Lake Trichonis and implications for active tectonics in western Greece. Tectonophysics 452:51–65
Koukouvelas, I., Mpresiakas, A., Sokos, E., Doutsos, T. (1996) The tectonic setting and earthquake hazards of the 1993 Pyrgos earthquake, Peloponnese, Greece. J. Geol. Soc. London 153:39–49
Koukouvelas, I., Kokkalas, S., Xypolias, P. (2009) Surface deformation during the Mw 6.4 (8 June 2008) Movri earthquake in the Peloponnese and its implications for the seismotectonics of Western Greece. Int. Geol. Rev. 52(2-3):249-268
Koulakov, I. (2009) LOTOS code for local earthquake tomographic inversion. Benchmarks for testing tomographic algorithms. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 99(1):194-214
Koulakov, I., Bindi, D., Parolai, S., Grosser, H., Milkereit, C. (2010) Distribution of Seismic Velocities and Attenuation in the Crust Beneath the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) from Local Earthquake Tomography. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 100(1):207-224
Koulakov, I., Shapiro, N. (2015) Seismic Tomography of Volcanoes. In: Beer M., Kougioumtzoglou I., Patelli E., Au IK. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer.
Lagios, E., Sakkas, V., Papadimitriou, P., Damiata, B.N., Parcharidis, I., Chousianitis, K., Vassilopoulou, S. (2007) Crustal deformation in the Central Ionian Islands (Greece): Results from DGPS and DInSAR analyses (1995-2006). Tectonophysics 444:119-145
Lees, J.M., Crosson, R.S. (1989) Tomographic inversion for three- dimensional velocity structure at Mount St. Helens using earthquake data, J. Geophys. Res. 94:148-227
Lekkas, E., Fountoulis, I., Papanikolaou, D. (2000) Intensity Distribution and Neotectonic Macrostructure Pyrgos earthquake data (26 March 1993, Greece). Natural Hazards 21:19–33
Mavroulis, S., Fountoulis, I., Lekkas, E. (2010) Environmental effects caused by the Andravida (08-06-2008, ML = 6.5, NW Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake. Geologically Active: 11th IAEG Congress, Taylor & Francis Group, Auckland, New Zealand, 451-459
Nakajima, J., Hasegawa, A., Horiuchi, S., Yoshimoto, K., Yoshida, T., Umino, N. (2006) Crustal heterogeneity around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan, as inferred from travel-time tomography. Earth Planets Space 58:843–853
Papadimitriou, P., Kaviris, G., Makropoulos, K. (2006) The Mw=6.3, 2003 Lefkada Earthquake (Greece) and induced transfer changes. Tectonophysics 423:73-82
Papadimitriou, P., Kaviris, G., Karakonstantis A., Makropoulos, K. (2010a) The Cornet seismological network: 10 years of operation, recorded seismicity and significant applications. Ann. Geol. Pays Hell 45:193-208
Papadimitriou, P., Agalos, A., Moshou, A., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A., Kaviris, G., Kassaras, I., Voulgaris, N., Makropoulos, K. (2010b) An important number of recent significant earthquakes in Greece. Book of Abstracts, 32nd ESC General Assembly, Montpellier, France, 225
Papadopoulos, G.A., Karastathis, V., Kontoes, C., Charalampakis, M., Fokaefs, A., Papoutsis, I. (2010) Crustal deformation associated with east Mediterranean strike-slip earthquakes: The 8 June 2008 Movri (NW Peloponnese), Greece, earthquake (Mw6.4). Tectonophysics 492:201–212
Papazachos, B., Papazachou, C. (1997) The Earthquakes of Greece. P. Ziti & Co, Thessaloniki, Greece, 97-110
Pavlides, S., Caputo, R., Sboras, S., Chatzipetros, A., Papathanasiou, G., Valkaniotis, S. (2010) The Greek catalogue of active faults and database of seismogenic sources. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece XLIII(1):486-494
Roumelioti, Z., Benetatos, C., Kiratzi, A., Stavrakakis, G., Melis, N. (2004) A study of the 2 December 2002 (M5.5) Vartholomio (western Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake and of its largest aftershocks. Tectonophysics 387(1-4):65–79
Sachpazi, M., Laigle, M., Charalampakis, M., Diaz, J., Kissling, E., Gesret, A., Becel, A., Flueh, E., Miles, P., Hirn, A., (2016) Segmented Hellenic slab rollback driving Aegean deformation and seismicity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43:651–658
Sanders, C., Ponko, S., Nixon, L., Schwartz, E. (1995) Seismological evidence for magmatic and hydrothermal structure in Long Valley caldera from local earthquake attenuation and velocity tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 100:8311–8326
Selverstone, J., Morteani G., Staude, J.M. (1991) Fluid channeling during ductile shearing: transformation of granodiorite into aluminous schist in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. J. Metamorph. Geol. 9:419-431
Serpetsidaki, A., Elias, P., Ilieva, M., Bernard, P., Briole, P., Deschamps, A., Lambotte, S., Lyon-Caen, H., Sokos, E., Tselentis, G.A. (2014) New constraints from seismology and geodesy on the Mw = 6.4 2008 Movri (Greece) earthquake: evidence for a growing strike-slip fault system. Geophys. J. Int. 198 (3):1373–1386
Takei, Y. (2002) Effect of pore geometry on VP/VS: From equilibrium geometry to crack. J. Geophys. Res. 107(B2):2043
Toomey, D.R., Foulger, G.R. (1989) Tomographic inversion of local earthquake data from the Hengill-Grensdalur Central Volcano Complex, Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. 94(B12):17497–17510
Tselentis G.-A. (1998) Fault lengths during the Patras 1993 earthquake sequence as estimated from the pulse width of initial P wave. Pure Appl. Geophys. 152(1):75-89
Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F. (1995) New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS Trans. AGU 76:329
Zygouri, V., Koukouvelas, I.K., Kokkalas, S., Xypolias, P., Papadopoulos, G.A. (2015) The Nisi Fault as a key structure for understanding the active deformation of the NW Peloponnese, Greece. Geomorph. 237:142–156
Armijo, R., Lyon-Caen, H., Papanastassiou, D. (1992) East-west extension and Holocene normal fault scarps in the Hellenic arc. Geology 20:491–494
Armijo, R., Meyer, B., King, G.C.P., Rigo, A., Papanastassiou, D. (1996) Quaternary evolution of the Corinth Rift and its implications for the late Cenozoic evolution of the Aegean. Geo Hys. J. Int. 126:11-53
Chamot-Rooke, N., Rabaute, A., Kreemer, C. (2005) Western Mediterranean Ridge mud belt correlates with active shear strain at the prism-backstop geological contact. Geology 33(11):861–864
Chousianitis, K., Agalos, A., Papadimitriou, P., Lagios E., Makropoulos, K. (2010) Source parameters of moderate and strong earthquakes in the broader area of Zakynthos Island (W. Greece) from regional and teleseismic digital recordings. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, Proc. 12th Intl. Cong. Patras, May 2010, XLIII(4):2005-2014
Drakatos, G., Melis, N., Papanastassiou, D., Karastathis, V., Papadopoulos, G., Stavrakakis, G. (2002) 3D Crustal Velocity Structure from Inversion of Local Earthquake Data in Attiki (Central Greece) Region. Natural Hazards 27(N1-2):1-14
Evans, J.P., Chester, F.M. (1995) Fluid–rock interaction in faults of the San-Andreas system — inferences from San-Gabriel fault rock geochemistry and microstructures. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 100:13007-13020
Faulkner, D.R., Lewis, A.C., Rutter, E.H. (2003) On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras Fault in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 367(3–4):235-251
Feredinos, G., Brooks, M., Doutsos, T. (1985) Quaternary tectonics in the Gulf of Patras, western Greece. J. Struct. Geol. 7(6):713–717
Gallais, F., Gutscher, M. A., Graindorge, D., Chamot-Rooke, N., Klaeschen, A.D. (2011) Miocene tectonic inversion in the Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean): Evidence from multichannel seismic data. J. Geophys. Res. 116:B12108
Ganas, A., Serpelloni, E., Drakatos, G., Kolligri, M., Adamis, I., Tsimi, C., Batsi, E. (2009) The Mw6.4 SW-Achaia (Western Greece) Earthquake of 8 June 2008: Seismological, field, GPS observations, and stress modeling. J. Earthq. Eng. 13:1101–1124
Ganas, A., Oikonomou, A.I., Tsimi, Ch. (2013) NOAFAULTS: a digital database for active faults in Greece. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece XLVI
Halpaap, F., Rondenay, S., Ottemöller, L. (2018) Seismicity, Deformation and Metamorphism in the Western Hellenic Subduction Zone – New Constraints from Tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 123:3000–3026
Hansen, S. E., Evangelidis, C. P., Papadopoulos, G. A. (2019) Imaging slab detachment within the Western Hellenic Subduction Zone. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20:895–912
Humphreys, E., Clayton, R.W. (1988) Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1073-1085
Hollenstein, C., M. D. Müller, A. Geiger, Kahle, H.-G. (2008) Crustal motion and deformation in Greece from a decade of GPS measurements, 1993–2003. Tectonophysics 449:17–40
Jaxybulatov, K., Koulakov, I., Ibs-von Seht, M., Klinge, K., Reichert, C., Dahren, B., Troll, V.R. (2011) Evidence for high fluid/melt content beneath Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) from local earthquake tomography. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 206(3-4):96-105
Kahle, H.-G., Muller, M.V., Geiger, A., Danuser, G., Mueller, St., Veis, G., Billiris, H., Paradissis, G. (1995) The strain field in NW Greece and the Ionian Islands; results inferred from GPS measurements. Tectonophysics 249:44–52
Kapetanidis, V., Papadimitriou, P., Makropoulos, K. (2010) A cross-correlation technique for relocation of seismicity in the western Corinth rift. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, Proc. 12th Intl. Cong. Patras, May 2010, XLIII(4):2015-2015
Kapetanidis, V., Kassaras, I. (2019) Contemporary crustal stress of the Greek region deduced from earthquake focal mechanisms. J. Geodyn. 123:55–82
Karakonstantis, A. (2017) 3D simulation of crust and upper mantle structure in the broader Hellenic area through Seismic Tomography. Dissertation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
Kassaras, I., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A., Kaviris, G., Papadimitriou, P., Voulgaris, N., Makropoulos, K., Popandopoulos, G., Moshou, A. (2014) The April–June 2007 Trichonis Lake earthquake swarm (W. Greece): New implications toward the causative fault zone. J. Geodyn. 73:60-80
Kassaras, I., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A. (2016) On the spatial distribution of seismicity and the 3D tectonic stress field in western Greece. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C 95:50-72
Kiratzi, A., Sokos, E., Ganas, A., Tselentis, A., Benetatos, C., Roumelioti, Z., Serpetsidaki, A., Andriopoulos, G., Galanis, O., Petrou, P. (2008) The April 2007 earthquake swarm near Lake Trichonis and implications for active tectonics in western Greece. Tectonophysics 452:51–65
Koukouvelas, I., Mpresiakas, A., Sokos, E., Doutsos, T. (1996) The tectonic setting and earthquake hazards of the 1993 Pyrgos earthquake, Peloponnese, Greece. J. Geol. Soc. London 153:39–49
Koukouvelas, I., Kokkalas, S., Xypolias, P. (2009) Surface deformation during the Mw 6.4 (8 June 2008) Movri earthquake in the Peloponnese and its implications for the seismotectonics of Western Greece. Int. Geol. Rev. 52(2-3):249-268
Koulakov, I. (2009) LOTOS code for local earthquake tomographic inversion. Benchmarks for testing tomographic algorithms. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 99(1):194-214
Koulakov, I., Bindi, D., Parolai, S., Grosser, H., Milkereit, C. (2010) Distribution of Seismic Velocities and Attenuation in the Crust Beneath the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) from Local Earthquake Tomography. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 100(1):207-224
Koulakov, I., Shapiro, N. (2015) Seismic Tomography of Volcanoes. In: Beer M., Kougioumtzoglou I., Patelli E., Au IK. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer.
Lagios, E., Sakkas, V., Papadimitriou, P., Damiata, B.N., Parcharidis, I., Chousianitis, K., Vassilopoulou, S. (2007) Crustal deformation in the Central Ionian Islands (Greece): Results from DGPS and DInSAR analyses (1995-2006). Tectonophysics 444:119-145
Lees, J.M., Crosson, R.S. (1989) Tomographic inversion for three- dimensional velocity structure at Mount St. Helens using earthquake data, J. Geophys. Res. 94:148-227
Lekkas, E., Fountoulis, I., Papanikolaou, D. (2000) Intensity Distribution and Neotectonic Macrostructure Pyrgos earthquake data (26 March 1993, Greece). Natural Hazards 21:19–33
Mavroulis, S., Fountoulis, I., Lekkas, E. (2010) Environmental effects caused by the Andravida (08-06-2008, ML = 6.5, NW Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake. Geologically Active: 11th IAEG Congress, Taylor & Francis Group, Auckland, New Zealand, 451-459
Nakajima, J., Hasegawa, A., Horiuchi, S., Yoshimoto, K., Yoshida, T., Umino, N. (2006) Crustal heterogeneity around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan, as inferred from travel-time tomography. Earth Planets Space 58:843–853
Papadimitriou, P., Kaviris, G., Makropoulos, K. (2006) The Mw=6.3, 2003 Lefkada Earthquake (Greece) and induced transfer changes. Tectonophysics 423:73-82
Papadimitriou, P., Kaviris, G., Karakonstantis A., Makropoulos, K. (2010a) The Cornet seismological network: 10 years of operation, recorded seismicity and significant applications. Ann. Geol. Pays Hell 45:193-208
Papadimitriou, P., Agalos, A., Moshou, A., Kapetanidis, V., Karakonstantis, A., Kaviris, G., Kassaras, I., Voulgaris, N., Makropoulos, K. (2010b) An important number of recent significant earthquakes in Greece. Book of Abstracts, 32nd ESC General Assembly, Montpellier, France, 225
Papadopoulos, G.A., Karastathis, V., Kontoes, C., Charalampakis, M., Fokaefs, A., Papoutsis, I. (2010) Crustal deformation associated with east Mediterranean strike-slip earthquakes: The 8 June 2008 Movri (NW Peloponnese), Greece, earthquake (Mw6.4). Tectonophysics 492:201–212
Papazachos, B., Papazachou, C. (1997) The Earthquakes of Greece. P. Ziti & Co, Thessaloniki, Greece, 97-110
Pavlides, S., Caputo, R., Sboras, S., Chatzipetros, A., Papathanasiou, G., Valkaniotis, S. (2010) The Greek catalogue of active faults and database of seismogenic sources. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece XLIII(1):486-494
Roumelioti, Z., Benetatos, C., Kiratzi, A., Stavrakakis, G., Melis, N. (2004) A study of the 2 December 2002 (M5.5) Vartholomio (western Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake and of its largest aftershocks. Tectonophysics 387(1-4):65–79
Sachpazi, M., Laigle, M., Charalampakis, M., Diaz, J., Kissling, E., Gesret, A., Becel, A., Flueh, E., Miles, P., Hirn, A., (2016) Segmented Hellenic slab rollback driving Aegean deformation and seismicity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43:651–658
Sanders, C., Ponko, S., Nixon, L., Schwartz, E. (1995) Seismological evidence for magmatic and hydrothermal structure in Long Valley caldera from local earthquake attenuation and velocity tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 100:8311–8326
Selverstone, J., Morteani G., Staude, J.M. (1991) Fluid channeling during ductile shearing: transformation of granodiorite into aluminous schist in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. J. Metamorph. Geol. 9:419-431
Serpetsidaki, A., Elias, P., Ilieva, M., Bernard, P., Briole, P., Deschamps, A., Lambotte, S., Lyon-Caen, H., Sokos, E., Tselentis, G.A. (2014) New constraints from seismology and geodesy on the Mw = 6.4 2008 Movri (Greece) earthquake: evidence for a growing strike-slip fault system. Geophys. J. Int. 198 (3):1373–1386
Takei, Y. (2002) Effect of pore geometry on VP/VS: From equilibrium geometry to crack. J. Geophys. Res. 107(B2):2043
Toomey, D.R., Foulger, G.R. (1989) Tomographic inversion of local earthquake data from the Hengill-Grensdalur Central Volcano Complex, Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. 94(B12):17497–17510
Tselentis G.-A. (1998) Fault lengths during the Patras 1993 earthquake sequence as estimated from the pulse width of initial P wave. Pure Appl. Geophys. 152(1):75-89
Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F. (1995) New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS Trans. AGU 76:329
Zygouri, V., Koukouvelas, I.K., Kokkalas, S., Xypolias, P., Papadopoulos, G.A. (2015) The Nisi Fault as a key structure for understanding the active deformation of the NW Peloponnese, Greece. Geomorph. 237:142–156