Magnetospheric hydromagnetic waves: their eigenperiods, amplitudes and phase variations; a tutorial introduction
Article Sidebar
Published:
Aug 30, 1984
Keywords:
Geomagnetic pulsations,
Ground-satellite correlations,
Magnetosphere,
Eigenperiods,
Hydromagnetic waves
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
The detection of hydromagnetic waves on spacecraft and at the Earth's surface indicate disturbances of the geomagnetosphere. These disturbances are diagnostic of processes and boundaries occurring within the plasma of the Earth's space environment. In order to delineate the processes and boundaries a dense network of measuring points is desirable. Parameters that have proved useful are the frequency and the relative amplitudes and phases of the waves at different positions in space. This paper summarises some of the characteristics of hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere and the modification of the signal brought about by the boundary conditions imposed by the ionosphere-neutral atmosphere-Earth system.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Orr, D. (1984). Magnetospheric hydromagnetic waves: their eigenperiods, amplitudes and phase variations; a tutorial introduction. Journal of Geophysics, 55(1), 76-84. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/243
Section
References
Allan, W. (1982) Phase variation of ULF pulsations along the geomagnetic field line. Planet Space Sci. 30:339-346
Allan, W. (1983) Quarter-wave ULF pulsations. Planet. Space Sci. 31:323-330
Allan, W., Knox F.B. (1979a) A dipole field model for axisymmetric Alfven waves with finite ionospheric conductivities. Planet. Space Sci. 27:79-85
Allan, W., Knox, F.B. (1979b) The effect of finite ionosphere conductivities on axisymmetric toroidal Alfven wave resonances. Planet. Space Sci. 27:939-950
Angerami, J.J., Carpenter, D.L. (1966) Whistler studies of the plasmapause in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 71:711-726
Beamish, D., Hanson, H.W., Webb, D.C. (1979) Complex demodulation applied to Pi 2 geomagnetic pulsations. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 58:471-493
Chappell, C.R. (1974) Detached plasma regions in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1861-1870
Chen, L., Hasegawa, A. (1974a) A theory of long period magnetic pulsations, I, Steady state excitation of field line resonance. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1024-1032
Chen, L., Hasegawa, A. (1974b) A theory of long period magnetic pulsations, II, Impulse excitation of surface eigenmode. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1033-1037
Cummings, W.D., O'Sullivan, R.J., Coleman, P.J., Jr. (1969) Standing Alfven waves in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74:778-793
Cummings, W.D., de Forest, S.E., McPherron, R.L. (1978) Measurements of the Poynting vector of standing hydromagnetic waves at geosynchronous orbit. J. Geophys. Res. 83:697-706
Dungey, J.W. (1954) Electrodynamics of the outer atmosphere. Penn. State Univ. Ionos. Res. Lab. Rep. No. 69
Dungey, J.W. (1965) Effects of electromagnetic perturbations on particles trapped in radiation belts. Space Sci. Rev. 4:199-222
Dungey, J.W. (1967) Hydromagnetic waves. In: Physics of geomagnetic phenomena, S. Matsushita and W.H. Campbell, eds. Academic Press, New York
Ellis, P., Southwood, D.J. (1983) Reflection of Alfven waves by nonuniform ionospheres. Planet. Space Sci. 31:107-117
GlaBmeier, K-H. (1984) On the influence of ionospheres with non-uniform conductivity distribution of hydromagnetic waves. J. Geophys. 54:125-137
Gough, H., Orr, D. (1984) The effect of damping on geomagnetic pulsation amplitude and phase at ground observatories. Planet. Space Sci. 32:619-628
Gough, H., Hillebrand, 0., McPherron, R.L. (1983) A Pc 4 pulsation observed over a large longitudinal separation on the ground and in space. l.A.G.A. Bulletin No 48, 3H. 18:343
Green, C.A. (1981) Continuous magnetic pulsations on the IGS array of magnetometers. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:883-898
Green, C.A. (1982) The role of ground arrays of magnetometers in the study of pulsation resonance regions. Planet. Space Sci. 30:1199-1208
Green, C.A., Hamilton, R.A. (1981) An ionospheric effect on the conjugate relationship of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:1133-1141
Greenstadt, E.W., McPherron, R.L., Takahashi, K. (1980) Solar wind control of day-time, mid-period geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 32, Suppl. II:89
Greenwald, R.A., Weiss, W., Nielsen, E., Thomson, N.R. (1978) STARE: A new radar auroral backscatter experiment in northern Scandinavia. Radio Sci. 13:1021-1025
Hasegawa, A. (1969) Drift mirror instability in the magnetosphere. Phys. Fluids 12:2642-2650
Hillebrand, O., Munch, J., McPherron, R.L. (1982) Ground-satellite correlative study of a giant pulsation event. J. Geophys. 51:129-140
Hughes, W.J. (1982) Pulsation research during the IMS. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20:641-652
Hughes, W.J. (1983) Hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21:508-520
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J. (1976a) The screening of micropulsation signals by the atmosphere and ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 81:3234-3240
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J. (1976b) An illustration of the modification of geomagnetic pulsation structure by the ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 81:3241-3247
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J., Mauk, B.- Mcpherron, R.L., Barfield, J.N. (1978) Alfven waves generated by an inverted plasma distribution. Nature 275:43-45
Kokubun, S. (1980) Observations of Pc pulsations in the magnetosphere: satellite-ground correlation. J. Geoelectr. 32, Suppl. II:17-39
Lanzerotti, L.J., Hasegawa, A. (1975) High Beta plasma instabilities and storm time geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 80:1019-1022
Lanzerotti, L.J., Southwood, D.J. (1979) Hydromagnetic waves. Solar system plasma physics. Vol III, 109 E.N. Parker, C.F. Kennel, L.J. Lanzerotti, ed.: North-Holland Publishing Co.
Lanzerotti, L.J., Tartaglia, N.A. (1972) Propagation of a magnetospheric compressional wave to the ground. J. Geophys. Res. 77:1934-1940
Mcllwain, C.E. (1961) Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles. J. Geophys. Res. 66:3681-3691
Newton, R.S., Southwood, D.J., Hughes, W.J. (1978) Damping of geomagnetic pulsations by the ionosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 26:201-209
Nishida, A. (1978) Geomagnetic diagnosis of the magnetosphere. Chap. V. Springer Verlag
Obayashi, T., Jacobs, J.A. (1958) Geomagnetic pulsations and the Earth's outer atmosphere. Geophys. J. 1:53-63
Orr, D. (1983) Surface Waves at the plasmapause. l.A.G.A. Bulletin No. 48, 3H. 22:345
Orr D., Hanson, H.W. (1981) Geomagnetic pulsation phase patterns over an extended latitudinal array. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:899-910
Orr, D., Matthew, J.A.D. (1971) The variations of geomagnetic micropulsation periods with latitude and the plasmapause. Planet. Space Sci. 19:897-905
Park, C.G., Carpenter, D.L., Wiggin, D.B. (1978) Electron density in the plasmasphere: whistler data on solar cycle, annual, and diurnal variations. J. Geophys. Res. 83:3137-3144
Patel, V.L., Cahill, L.J., Jr. (1964) Evidence of hydromagnetic waves in the Earth's magnetosphere and of their propagation to the Earth's surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12:213-215
Patel, V.L., Greaves, R.J., Wahab, S.A., Potemra, T.A. (1979) Dodge satellite observations of Pc 3 and Pc 4 magnetic pulsations and correlated effects in the ground observations. J. Geophys. Res.
84:4257-4266
Pu, Z., Kivelson, M.G. (1983) Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause: solution for compressible plasmas. J. Geophys. Res. 88:841-852
Radoski, H.R. (1966) Magnetic toroidal resonances and vibrating field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 71:1891-1894
Radoski, H.R. (1967a) A note on oscillating field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 72:418-419
Radoski, H.R. (1967b) Highly asymmetric MHD resonances: the guided poloidal mode. J. Geophys. Res. 72:4026-4027
Russell, C.T., Elphic, R.C. (1979) I.S.E.E. observations of flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause. Geophys. Res. Lett. 6:33-37
Samson, J.C., Rostoker, G. (1972) Latitude dependent characteristics of high-latitude Pc4 and Pc5 micropulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6133-6144
Samson, J.C., Jacobs, J.A., Rostoker, G. (1971) Latitude dependent characteristics of long-period geomagnetic micropulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 76:3675-3683
Singer, H.J., Hughes, W.J., Russell, C.T. (1982) Standing hydromagnetic waves observed by I.S.E.E. 1 and 2; radial extent and harmonic. J. Geophys. Res. 87:3519-3529
Southwood, D.J. (1968) The hydromagnetic stability of the magnetosphere boundary. Planet. Space Sci. 16:587-605
Southwood, D.J. (1974) Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 22:483-491
Southwood, D.J. (1978) Plasma waves in the magnetosphere. Nature 271:309
Southwood D.J., Hughes, W.J. (1983) Theory of hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere. Space Sci. Rev. 35:301-366
Southwood, D.J., Dungey, J.W., Etherington, R.J. (1969) Bounce resonant interaction between pulsations and trapped particles. Planet. Space Sci. 17:349-361
Stuart, W.F., Lanzerotti, L.J. (1982) Long period hydromagnetic wave inside the plasmasphere. J. Geophys. Res. 87:1703-1706
Stuart, W.F., Usher, M.J. (1966) An investigation of micropulsations at middle latitudes. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 12:71-86
Sugiura, M., Wilson, C.R. (1964) Oscillation of the geomagnetic field lines and associated magnetic perturbations at conjugate points. J. Geophys. Res. 69:1211-1216
Takahashi, K., McPherron, R.L. (1982) Harmonic structure of Pc 3-4 pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 87:1504-1516
Voelker, H. (1965) On the latitude dependence of Pc type micropulsations: results of observations on a north-south profile through Europe. Rep. No. 8815 NBS, Boulder, Colorado
Waldock, J.A., Jones, T.B., Nielsen, E., Southwood, D.J. (1983) First results of micropulsation activity observed by SABRE. Planet. Space Sci. 31:573-578
Walker, A.D.M. (1980) Modelling of Pc 5 pulsation structure in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 28:213-223
Walker, A.D.M., Greenwald, R.A., Stuart, W.F., Green, C.A. (1979) STARE auroral radar observations of Pc 5 geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 84:3373-3388
Walker, A.D.M., Greenwald, R.A., Korth, A., Kremser, G. (1982) STARE and GEOS 2 observations of a storm-time Pc 5 ULF pulsation. J. Geophys. Res. 87:9135-9146
Warner, M.R., Orr, D. (1979) Time of flight calculations for high latitude geomagnetic pulsations. Planet. Space Sci. 27:679-689
Webb, D.C. (1979) The analysis of non-stationary data using complex demodulation. Ann. des Telecomm. 35:131-137
Allan, W. (1983) Quarter-wave ULF pulsations. Planet. Space Sci. 31:323-330
Allan, W., Knox F.B. (1979a) A dipole field model for axisymmetric Alfven waves with finite ionospheric conductivities. Planet. Space Sci. 27:79-85
Allan, W., Knox, F.B. (1979b) The effect of finite ionosphere conductivities on axisymmetric toroidal Alfven wave resonances. Planet. Space Sci. 27:939-950
Angerami, J.J., Carpenter, D.L. (1966) Whistler studies of the plasmapause in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 71:711-726
Beamish, D., Hanson, H.W., Webb, D.C. (1979) Complex demodulation applied to Pi 2 geomagnetic pulsations. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 58:471-493
Chappell, C.R. (1974) Detached plasma regions in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1861-1870
Chen, L., Hasegawa, A. (1974a) A theory of long period magnetic pulsations, I, Steady state excitation of field line resonance. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1024-1032
Chen, L., Hasegawa, A. (1974b) A theory of long period magnetic pulsations, II, Impulse excitation of surface eigenmode. J. Geophys. Res. 79:1033-1037
Cummings, W.D., O'Sullivan, R.J., Coleman, P.J., Jr. (1969) Standing Alfven waves in the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74:778-793
Cummings, W.D., de Forest, S.E., McPherron, R.L. (1978) Measurements of the Poynting vector of standing hydromagnetic waves at geosynchronous orbit. J. Geophys. Res. 83:697-706
Dungey, J.W. (1954) Electrodynamics of the outer atmosphere. Penn. State Univ. Ionos. Res. Lab. Rep. No. 69
Dungey, J.W. (1965) Effects of electromagnetic perturbations on particles trapped in radiation belts. Space Sci. Rev. 4:199-222
Dungey, J.W. (1967) Hydromagnetic waves. In: Physics of geomagnetic phenomena, S. Matsushita and W.H. Campbell, eds. Academic Press, New York
Ellis, P., Southwood, D.J. (1983) Reflection of Alfven waves by nonuniform ionospheres. Planet. Space Sci. 31:107-117
GlaBmeier, K-H. (1984) On the influence of ionospheres with non-uniform conductivity distribution of hydromagnetic waves. J. Geophys. 54:125-137
Gough, H., Orr, D. (1984) The effect of damping on geomagnetic pulsation amplitude and phase at ground observatories. Planet. Space Sci. 32:619-628
Gough, H., Hillebrand, 0., McPherron, R.L. (1983) A Pc 4 pulsation observed over a large longitudinal separation on the ground and in space. l.A.G.A. Bulletin No 48, 3H. 18:343
Green, C.A. (1981) Continuous magnetic pulsations on the IGS array of magnetometers. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:883-898
Green, C.A. (1982) The role of ground arrays of magnetometers in the study of pulsation resonance regions. Planet. Space Sci. 30:1199-1208
Green, C.A., Hamilton, R.A. (1981) An ionospheric effect on the conjugate relationship of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:1133-1141
Greenstadt, E.W., McPherron, R.L., Takahashi, K. (1980) Solar wind control of day-time, mid-period geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 32, Suppl. II:89
Greenwald, R.A., Weiss, W., Nielsen, E., Thomson, N.R. (1978) STARE: A new radar auroral backscatter experiment in northern Scandinavia. Radio Sci. 13:1021-1025
Hasegawa, A. (1969) Drift mirror instability in the magnetosphere. Phys. Fluids 12:2642-2650
Hillebrand, O., Munch, J., McPherron, R.L. (1982) Ground-satellite correlative study of a giant pulsation event. J. Geophys. 51:129-140
Hughes, W.J. (1982) Pulsation research during the IMS. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20:641-652
Hughes, W.J. (1983) Hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21:508-520
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J. (1976a) The screening of micropulsation signals by the atmosphere and ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 81:3234-3240
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J. (1976b) An illustration of the modification of geomagnetic pulsation structure by the ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 81:3241-3247
Hughes, W.J., Southwood, D.J., Mauk, B.- Mcpherron, R.L., Barfield, J.N. (1978) Alfven waves generated by an inverted plasma distribution. Nature 275:43-45
Kokubun, S. (1980) Observations of Pc pulsations in the magnetosphere: satellite-ground correlation. J. Geoelectr. 32, Suppl. II:17-39
Lanzerotti, L.J., Hasegawa, A. (1975) High Beta plasma instabilities and storm time geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 80:1019-1022
Lanzerotti, L.J., Southwood, D.J. (1979) Hydromagnetic waves. Solar system plasma physics. Vol III, 109 E.N. Parker, C.F. Kennel, L.J. Lanzerotti, ed.: North-Holland Publishing Co.
Lanzerotti, L.J., Tartaglia, N.A. (1972) Propagation of a magnetospheric compressional wave to the ground. J. Geophys. Res. 77:1934-1940
Mcllwain, C.E. (1961) Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles. J. Geophys. Res. 66:3681-3691
Newton, R.S., Southwood, D.J., Hughes, W.J. (1978) Damping of geomagnetic pulsations by the ionosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 26:201-209
Nishida, A. (1978) Geomagnetic diagnosis of the magnetosphere. Chap. V. Springer Verlag
Obayashi, T., Jacobs, J.A. (1958) Geomagnetic pulsations and the Earth's outer atmosphere. Geophys. J. 1:53-63
Orr, D. (1983) Surface Waves at the plasmapause. l.A.G.A. Bulletin No. 48, 3H. 22:345
Orr D., Hanson, H.W. (1981) Geomagnetic pulsation phase patterns over an extended latitudinal array. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 43:899-910
Orr, D., Matthew, J.A.D. (1971) The variations of geomagnetic micropulsation periods with latitude and the plasmapause. Planet. Space Sci. 19:897-905
Park, C.G., Carpenter, D.L., Wiggin, D.B. (1978) Electron density in the plasmasphere: whistler data on solar cycle, annual, and diurnal variations. J. Geophys. Res. 83:3137-3144
Patel, V.L., Cahill, L.J., Jr. (1964) Evidence of hydromagnetic waves in the Earth's magnetosphere and of their propagation to the Earth's surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12:213-215
Patel, V.L., Greaves, R.J., Wahab, S.A., Potemra, T.A. (1979) Dodge satellite observations of Pc 3 and Pc 4 magnetic pulsations and correlated effects in the ground observations. J. Geophys. Res.
84:4257-4266
Pu, Z., Kivelson, M.G. (1983) Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause: solution for compressible plasmas. J. Geophys. Res. 88:841-852
Radoski, H.R. (1966) Magnetic toroidal resonances and vibrating field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 71:1891-1894
Radoski, H.R. (1967a) A note on oscillating field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 72:418-419
Radoski, H.R. (1967b) Highly asymmetric MHD resonances: the guided poloidal mode. J. Geophys. Res. 72:4026-4027
Russell, C.T., Elphic, R.C. (1979) I.S.E.E. observations of flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause. Geophys. Res. Lett. 6:33-37
Samson, J.C., Rostoker, G. (1972) Latitude dependent characteristics of high-latitude Pc4 and Pc5 micropulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6133-6144
Samson, J.C., Jacobs, J.A., Rostoker, G. (1971) Latitude dependent characteristics of long-period geomagnetic micropulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 76:3675-3683
Singer, H.J., Hughes, W.J., Russell, C.T. (1982) Standing hydromagnetic waves observed by I.S.E.E. 1 and 2; radial extent and harmonic. J. Geophys. Res. 87:3519-3529
Southwood, D.J. (1968) The hydromagnetic stability of the magnetosphere boundary. Planet. Space Sci. 16:587-605
Southwood, D.J. (1974) Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 22:483-491
Southwood, D.J. (1978) Plasma waves in the magnetosphere. Nature 271:309
Southwood D.J., Hughes, W.J. (1983) Theory of hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere. Space Sci. Rev. 35:301-366
Southwood, D.J., Dungey, J.W., Etherington, R.J. (1969) Bounce resonant interaction between pulsations and trapped particles. Planet. Space Sci. 17:349-361
Stuart, W.F., Lanzerotti, L.J. (1982) Long period hydromagnetic wave inside the plasmasphere. J. Geophys. Res. 87:1703-1706
Stuart, W.F., Usher, M.J. (1966) An investigation of micropulsations at middle latitudes. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 12:71-86
Sugiura, M., Wilson, C.R. (1964) Oscillation of the geomagnetic field lines and associated magnetic perturbations at conjugate points. J. Geophys. Res. 69:1211-1216
Takahashi, K., McPherron, R.L. (1982) Harmonic structure of Pc 3-4 pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 87:1504-1516
Voelker, H. (1965) On the latitude dependence of Pc type micropulsations: results of observations on a north-south profile through Europe. Rep. No. 8815 NBS, Boulder, Colorado
Waldock, J.A., Jones, T.B., Nielsen, E., Southwood, D.J. (1983) First results of micropulsation activity observed by SABRE. Planet. Space Sci. 31:573-578
Walker, A.D.M. (1980) Modelling of Pc 5 pulsation structure in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 28:213-223
Walker, A.D.M., Greenwald, R.A., Stuart, W.F., Green, C.A. (1979) STARE auroral radar observations of Pc 5 geomagnetic pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 84:3373-3388
Walker, A.D.M., Greenwald, R.A., Korth, A., Kremser, G. (1982) STARE and GEOS 2 observations of a storm-time Pc 5 ULF pulsation. J. Geophys. Res. 87:9135-9146
Warner, M.R., Orr, D. (1979) Time of flight calculations for high latitude geomagnetic pulsations. Planet. Space Sci. 27:679-689
Webb, D.C. (1979) The analysis of non-stationary data using complex demodulation. Ann. des Telecomm. 35:131-137