Focal parameters of some Friuli earthquakes (1976-1979) using complete theoretical seismograms
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The relocation of a number of large shocks and the estimation of their fault-plane dip, along with seismotectonic evidence, allow some conclusions about the mechanisms of Friuli (NE Italy) earthquakes. The largest shocks of the 1976 sequence are located in an area with an ESE-WNW trend, extending on both sides of the Tagliamento River. The May earthquakes occurred over the whole area, while the September aftershocks were concentrated in the centre of this area. The 1977-1979 events are spread over a wider zone. These shocks can be ascribed mainly to Dinaric structures. The hypocentre distribution of the largest 1976 events shows that the stress involved deeper crustal sectors in the south of this area (about 8 km) than in the northern part (where it does not exceed 6 km). The motion occurred either in the south along gently dipping planes, which probably correspond to the detachment surface between the post-Hercynian cover and the Paleozoic basement, or in the north along more steeply dipping planes (thrusts) within the Mesozoic cover, along with triggering and rearrangement in the shallower Alpine and/or Dinaric structures.
ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y045812
Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/214
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal as of Vol. 63 agree to the following terms:
a. Authors share the copyright with this journal in equal parts (50% to the journal, 50% to the lead author), and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work after publication simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal, and a reference to this copyright notice.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work and better sales of the copyright.
Author Self-archiving
Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Geophysics right of first publication, with the work three years after publication simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 License that allows others to share the work (with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal), except for commercial purposes and for creating derivatives.
Authors can enter into separate, additional, but non-commercial contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, but not publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as that can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Additional Notes
This journal is one of a handful of scholarly journals that publish original scientific works under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - the only Creative Commons license affording the authors' intellectual property absolute worldwide protection.
Journal of Geophysics is published under the scholar-publishers model, meaning authors do not surrender their copyright to us. Instead, and unlike corporate publishers like Elsevier or Springer Nature that resell copyright to third-parties for up to $80,000 (per paper, per transaction!), the Journal of Geophysics authors share copyright equally with this journal.
Therefore, all the proceeds from reselling copyright to third parties get shared to equal parts (50% to the journal, 50% to the lead author). Under the Berne Convention, this protection is an inheritable right that lasts for as long as the rightsholder lives + 50 years.
By submitting to this journal, the lead author, on behalf of all co-authors, grants permission to this journal to represent all co-authors in negotiating copyright sales and collecting proceeds. The lead author should negotiate with his/her co-authors the modalities of distributing the lead author's portion of the proceeds. Usually, this is per pre-agreed percentage of each co-author's contribution to creating the copyrighted work. (more...)
References
Brustle, W., Muller, G. (1983) Moment and duration of shallow earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 32:312-324
Cagnetti, V., Console, R. (1977) Space-time distribution of the Friuli (1976) earthquakes. Ann. Geofis. 30:107-184
Carobene, L., Carulli, G.B., Vaia, F. (1981) Foglio 25 Udine. In: Carta tettonica delle Alpi meridionali (alla scala 1: 200,000), A. Castellarin: pp 39-45. CNR, P.F. Geodinamica, Publ. 441, Tecnoprint, Bologna
Carulli, G.B., Giorgetti, F., Nicolich, R., Slejko, D. (1982) Friuli zona sismica: sintesi di dati sismologici strutturali e geofisici. In: Guida alla geologia del Sudalpino centro orientale. Guide geol. reg. S.G.I. A. Castellarin and G.B. Vai: pp 361-370. Bologna
Cipar, J. (1980) Teleseismic observations of the 1976 Friuli, Italy earthquake sequence. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 70(4):963-983
Cipar, J. (1981) Broadband time domain modeling of earthquakes from Friuli, Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 71:1215-1232
Console, R. (1976) Focal mechanisms of some Friuli earthquakes, 1976. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 19(72):549-558
D'Ingeo, G., Calcagnile, G., Panza, G.F. (1980) On the fault plane solutions in the Central-Eastern Mediterranean region. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 22(85):13-22
Fuchs, K. (1968) The reflection of spherical waves from transition zones with arbitrary depth-dependent elastic moduli and density. J. Phys. Earth. 16:27-41 (Special issue)
Harjes, H.P., Seidl, D. (1978) Digital recording and analysis of broadband seismic data at the Graefenberg (GRF) Array. J. Geophys. 44:603-612
Italian Explosion Seismology Group and Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich (1981) Crust and upper mantle structures in the Southern Alps from deep seismic sounding profiles (1977, 1978) and surface
wave dispersion analysis. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 23(92):297-330
Kind, R. (1978) The reflectivity method for a buried source. J. Geophys. 44:603-612
Kind, R. (1979) Extensions of the reflectivity method. J. Geophys. 45:373-380
Kunze, T. (1982) Seismotektonische Bewegungen im Alpenbereich. Dissertation. Institut fur Geophysik der Universitat Stuttgart
Lee, W.H.K., Lahr, J.C. (1975) Hypo 71 (revised): a computer program for determining hypocenter, magnitude and first motion pattern of local earthquakes. U.S. Geological Survey open file report, 75-311, Menlo Park
Lyon-Caen, H. (1980) Seisme du Frioul (1976): Modeles de source a I'aide de sismogrammes synthetiques d'ondes de volume. These Diplome de docteur de 3eme cycle. Universite Paris VII
Mayer-Rosa, D., Pavoni, N., Graf, R. (1976) Aftershock-statistics and fault-plane solutions on Friuli earthquakes 1975 and 1976. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 19(72):827-834
Muller, G. (1977a) Fault-plane solution of the earthquake in northern Italy, 6 May 1976, and implications for the tectonics of the eastern Alps. J. Geophys. 42:343-349
Muller, G. (1977b) Earth-flattening approximation for body waves from geometric ray theory-Improvements, corrections and range of applicability. J. Geophys. 42:429-436
Seidl, D., Berckhemer, H. (1982) Determination of source moment and radiated seismic energy from broadband recodings. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 30:209-213
Siro, L., Slejko, D. (1982) Space-time evolution of the 1977-1980 seismicity in the Friuli area and its seismotectonic implications. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 24(93):67-77
Slejko, D., Renner, G. (1984) La sequenza sismica iniziata con il terremoto del 6 maggio 1976 in Friuli. Convegno: Finalita' ed esperienze delle rete sismometrica del Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Regione
autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste, pp 75-91
Zanferrari, A., Bollettinari, G., Carobene, L., Carton, A., Carulli, G.B., Castaldini, D., Cavallin, A., Panizza, M., Pellegrini, G.B., Pianetti, F., Sauro, U. (1982) Evoluzione neotettonica dell'Italia nord-orientale. Mem. Soc. Geol. 35:355-376, Padova
Zonno, G., Kind, R. (1984) Depth determination of North Italian earthquakes using Graefenberg data. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 74:1645-1660