Anisotropy of vp and vs in rock-forming minerals
Article Sidebar
Published:
Oct 22, 1981
Keywords:
Elastic wave velocities,
Anisotropy coefficients,
Rock-forming minerals,
Preferred orientation
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
The compressional and shear wave anisotropy coefficients of 33 minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks were calculated from published elastic constants and tabulated together with the orientation of velocity extremes in single crystals. The most abundant minerals of crustal crystalline rocks - alkali feldspars, plagioclases, quartz, micas and hornblende - have higher anisotropy coefficients than the upper mantle minerals - olivine, pyroxenes and garnets. Due to the orientation of mineral grains and their velocity extremes in a stress field, however, the olivine-rich ultramafites belong to the most anisotropic rocks and, in contrast, the crack-free anisotropy of crustal crystalline rocks is generally low, with the exception of metamorphic rocks rich in micas, hornblende and calcite.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Babuška, V. (1981). Anisotropy of vp and vs in rock-forming minerals. Journal of Geophysics, 50(1), 1-6. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/209
Section
References
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Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1961a) The elastic properties of crystals. Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 6:228-252
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Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (196lc) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, II: layered silicates (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 12:1799-1804
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1961d) Moduli of elasticity of pyrite (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Sibir. Branch, No. 6:43-47
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1962) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, III: feldspars (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 2:186-189
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V., Belikov, B.P. (1963) The elastic properties of pyroxenes (in Russian). Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 8:738-741
Anderson, O.L., Liebermann, R.C. (1966) Sound velocities in rocks and minerals. VESIAC State-of-the-Art Report. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Ave Lallemant, H.G., Carter, N.L. (1970) Syntectonic recrystallization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantel. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 81:2203-2220
Babuska, V. (1968) Elastic anisotropy of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Stud. Geophys. Geod. 12:291-303
Babuska, V. (1972a) Anisotropy of the upper mantle rocks. Z. Geophys. 38:461-467
Babuska, V. (1972b) Elasticity and anisotropy of dunite and bronzitite. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6955-6965
Babuska, V., Pros. Z., Franke, W. (1977) Effect of fabric and cracks on the elastic anisotropy in granodiorite. Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Acad. Sci A-6(117):179-186
Babuska, V., Fiala, J., Kumazawa, M., Ohno, I., Sumino, Y. (1978) Elastic properties of garnet solid-solution series. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter 16:157-176
Bamford, D. (1977) Pn velocity anisotropy in a continental upper mantle. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc 49:29-48
Belikov, B.P., Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1970) Elastic properties of rock-forming minerals and rocks. Nauka, Moscow
Birch, F. (1960) Elastic constants of rutile - A correction to a paper by R.K. Verma, Elasticity of some high-density crystals. J. Geophys. Res. 65:3855-3856
Birch, F. (1961) The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars. Part 2. J. Geophys. Res. 66:2199-2224
Birch, F. (1966) Compressibility; elastic constants. In: Clark, Jr., S.P. (Ed.) Handbook of Physical Constants revised edition, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 97, pp. 97-173, Geol. Soc. Am., New York
Borg, I.Y., Heard, H.C. (1970) Experimental deformation of plagioclases. In: Paulitsch, P. (Ed.) Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation, pp. 375-403. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York
Burdock, J.H. (1980) Seismic velocity structure of the metamorphic belt of central California. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 70:203-221
Carter, N.L., Baker, D.W., George R.P., Jr. (1972) Seismic anisotropy, flow, and constitution of the upper mantle. In: Heard, H.C., Borg, I.Y, Carter, N.L., Raleigh, C.B. (Eds.) Flow and fracture of rocks, Geophys. Monograph 16, pp. 167-190, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington D.C.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J. (1966) An introduction to the rockformin minerals. Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London
Goto, T., Ohno, I., Sumino, Y. (1976) The determination of the elastic constants of natural almandine-pyrope garnet by rectangular parallelepiped resonance method. J. Phys. Earth 24:149-156
Green, H.W., II, Griggs, D.T., Christie, J.M. (1970) Syntectonic and annealing recrystallization of fine-grained quartz aggregates. In: Paulitsch, P. (Ed.) Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation, pp. 272-335, Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg
Hearmon, R.F.S. (1956) The elastic constants of anisotropic materials II. Adv. Phys. 5:523-382
Helmstaedt, H., Anderson, O.L., Gavasci, A. T. (1972) Petrofabric studies of eclogite, spinel-websterite, and spinel-lherzolite xenoliths from kimberlite-bearing breccia pipes in southeastern Utah and northeastern Arizona. J. Geophys. Res. 77:4350-4365
Huntington, H.B. (1958) The elastic constants of crystals. In: Seitz, F., Turnbull, D. (Eds.) Solid State Physics, Vol. 7, pp. 213-285, Academic Press, New York
Ide, J.M. (1935) Some dynamic methods for determination of Young's modulus. Rev. Sci. Instr. 6:296-298
Kamb, W.B. (1959) Theory of preferred crystal orientation developed by crystallization under stress. J. Geol. 67:153-170
Keith, C.M., Crampin, S. (1977) Seismic body waves in anisotropic media: synthetic seismograms. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 49:225-243
Kumazawa, M. (1963) Fundamental theory on the nonhydrostatic thermodynamics and on the stability of mineral orientation and phase equilibrium. J. Earth Sci., Nagoya Univ. 11:145-217
Kumazawa, M. (1969) The elastic constants of single-crystal orthopyroxene. J. Geophys. Res. 74:5973-5980
Kumazawa, M., Anderson, O.L. (1969) Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and singlecrystal forsterite. J. Geophys. Res. 74:5961-5972
Kumazawa, M., Helmstaedt, H., Masaki, K. (1971) Elastic properties of eclogite xenoliths from diatremes of the east Colorado plateau and their implication to the upper mantle structure. J. Geophys.
Res. 76:1231-1247
Nicolas, A., Poirier, J.P. (1976) Crystalline plasticity and solid state flow in metamorphic rocks. John Wiley and Sons, London
Nye, J.F. (1960) Physical properties of crystals. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Ryzhova, T.V. (1964) Elastic properties of plagioclases (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 7:1049-1051
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov, K.S. (1962) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, IV: nepheline (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 12:1799-1801
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov K.S. (1965) The elastic properties of potassiumsodium feldspars (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Earth Phys. Ser. No. 1:98-102
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov, K.S., Korobkova, V.M. (1966) The elastic properties of rock-forming minerals. V: Additional data on silicates (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Earth Phys. Ser. No. 2:63-65
Schwerdtner, W.M. (1964) Preferred orientation of hornblende in a banded hornblende gneiss. Am. J. Sci. 262:1212-1229
Simmons, G., Wang, H. (1971) Single crystal elastic constants and calculated aggregate properties: A handbook. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Tilmann, S.E., Bennet, H.F. (1973) Ultrasonic shear wave birefringence as a test of homogeneous elastic anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res. 78:2623-2629
Tullis, T. (1971) Experimental development of preferred orientations of mica during recrystallization. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles
Turner, F.J., Weiss, L.E. (1963) Structural analysis of metamorphic tectonites. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., New York
Verma, R.K. (1960) Elasticity of some high-density crystals. J. Geophys. Res. 65:757-766
Voight, W. (1928) Lehrbuch der Krystallphysik. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner
Volarovich, M.P., Bayuk, E.I., Efimova, G.A. (1975) Elastic properties of minerals at high pressures (in Russian). Nauka, Moscow
Weidner, D.J. (1975) Elasticity of microcrystals. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2:189-192
Witte, A.J. de (1962) On elastic wave propagation in crystals with applications to calcite and quartz. Eng. Exp. Station Techn. Rep. No. 4, Univ. of Illinois
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1961a) The elastic properties of crystals. Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 6:228-252
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1961b) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, I: pyroxenes and am phi boles (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 9:1339-1344
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (196lc) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, II: layered silicates (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 12:1799-1804
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1961d) Moduli of elasticity of pyrite (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Sibir. Branch, No. 6:43-47
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1962) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, III: feldspars (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 2:186-189
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V., Belikov, B.P. (1963) The elastic properties of pyroxenes (in Russian). Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 8:738-741
Anderson, O.L., Liebermann, R.C. (1966) Sound velocities in rocks and minerals. VESIAC State-of-the-Art Report. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Ave Lallemant, H.G., Carter, N.L. (1970) Syntectonic recrystallization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantel. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 81:2203-2220
Babuska, V. (1968) Elastic anisotropy of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Stud. Geophys. Geod. 12:291-303
Babuska, V. (1972a) Anisotropy of the upper mantle rocks. Z. Geophys. 38:461-467
Babuska, V. (1972b) Elasticity and anisotropy of dunite and bronzitite. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6955-6965
Babuska, V., Pros. Z., Franke, W. (1977) Effect of fabric and cracks on the elastic anisotropy in granodiorite. Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Acad. Sci A-6(117):179-186
Babuska, V., Fiala, J., Kumazawa, M., Ohno, I., Sumino, Y. (1978) Elastic properties of garnet solid-solution series. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter 16:157-176
Bamford, D. (1977) Pn velocity anisotropy in a continental upper mantle. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc 49:29-48
Belikov, B.P., Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V. (1970) Elastic properties of rock-forming minerals and rocks. Nauka, Moscow
Birch, F. (1960) Elastic constants of rutile - A correction to a paper by R.K. Verma, Elasticity of some high-density crystals. J. Geophys. Res. 65:3855-3856
Birch, F. (1961) The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars. Part 2. J. Geophys. Res. 66:2199-2224
Birch, F. (1966) Compressibility; elastic constants. In: Clark, Jr., S.P. (Ed.) Handbook of Physical Constants revised edition, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 97, pp. 97-173, Geol. Soc. Am., New York
Borg, I.Y., Heard, H.C. (1970) Experimental deformation of plagioclases. In: Paulitsch, P. (Ed.) Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation, pp. 375-403. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York
Burdock, J.H. (1980) Seismic velocity structure of the metamorphic belt of central California. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 70:203-221
Carter, N.L., Baker, D.W., George R.P., Jr. (1972) Seismic anisotropy, flow, and constitution of the upper mantle. In: Heard, H.C., Borg, I.Y, Carter, N.L., Raleigh, C.B. (Eds.) Flow and fracture of rocks, Geophys. Monograph 16, pp. 167-190, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington D.C.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J. (1966) An introduction to the rockformin minerals. Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London
Goto, T., Ohno, I., Sumino, Y. (1976) The determination of the elastic constants of natural almandine-pyrope garnet by rectangular parallelepiped resonance method. J. Phys. Earth 24:149-156
Green, H.W., II, Griggs, D.T., Christie, J.M. (1970) Syntectonic and annealing recrystallization of fine-grained quartz aggregates. In: Paulitsch, P. (Ed.) Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation, pp. 272-335, Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg
Hearmon, R.F.S. (1956) The elastic constants of anisotropic materials II. Adv. Phys. 5:523-382
Helmstaedt, H., Anderson, O.L., Gavasci, A. T. (1972) Petrofabric studies of eclogite, spinel-websterite, and spinel-lherzolite xenoliths from kimberlite-bearing breccia pipes in southeastern Utah and northeastern Arizona. J. Geophys. Res. 77:4350-4365
Huntington, H.B. (1958) The elastic constants of crystals. In: Seitz, F., Turnbull, D. (Eds.) Solid State Physics, Vol. 7, pp. 213-285, Academic Press, New York
Ide, J.M. (1935) Some dynamic methods for determination of Young's modulus. Rev. Sci. Instr. 6:296-298
Kamb, W.B. (1959) Theory of preferred crystal orientation developed by crystallization under stress. J. Geol. 67:153-170
Keith, C.M., Crampin, S. (1977) Seismic body waves in anisotropic media: synthetic seismograms. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 49:225-243
Kumazawa, M. (1963) Fundamental theory on the nonhydrostatic thermodynamics and on the stability of mineral orientation and phase equilibrium. J. Earth Sci., Nagoya Univ. 11:145-217
Kumazawa, M. (1969) The elastic constants of single-crystal orthopyroxene. J. Geophys. Res. 74:5973-5980
Kumazawa, M., Anderson, O.L. (1969) Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and singlecrystal forsterite. J. Geophys. Res. 74:5961-5972
Kumazawa, M., Helmstaedt, H., Masaki, K. (1971) Elastic properties of eclogite xenoliths from diatremes of the east Colorado plateau and their implication to the upper mantle structure. J. Geophys.
Res. 76:1231-1247
Nicolas, A., Poirier, J.P. (1976) Crystalline plasticity and solid state flow in metamorphic rocks. John Wiley and Sons, London
Nye, J.F. (1960) Physical properties of crystals. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Ryzhova, T.V. (1964) Elastic properties of plagioclases (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 7:1049-1051
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov, K.S. (1962) The elastic properties of rockforming minerals, IV: nepheline (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geophys. Ser. No. 12:1799-1801
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov K.S. (1965) The elastic properties of potassiumsodium feldspars (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Earth Phys. Ser. No. 1:98-102
Ryzhova, T.V., Aleksandrov, K.S., Korobkova, V.M. (1966) The elastic properties of rock-forming minerals. V: Additional data on silicates (in Russian). Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Earth Phys. Ser. No. 2:63-65
Schwerdtner, W.M. (1964) Preferred orientation of hornblende in a banded hornblende gneiss. Am. J. Sci. 262:1212-1229
Simmons, G., Wang, H. (1971) Single crystal elastic constants and calculated aggregate properties: A handbook. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Tilmann, S.E., Bennet, H.F. (1973) Ultrasonic shear wave birefringence as a test of homogeneous elastic anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res. 78:2623-2629
Tullis, T. (1971) Experimental development of preferred orientations of mica during recrystallization. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles
Turner, F.J., Weiss, L.E. (1963) Structural analysis of metamorphic tectonites. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., New York
Verma, R.K. (1960) Elasticity of some high-density crystals. J. Geophys. Res. 65:757-766
Voight, W. (1928) Lehrbuch der Krystallphysik. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner
Volarovich, M.P., Bayuk, E.I., Efimova, G.A. (1975) Elastic properties of minerals at high pressures (in Russian). Nauka, Moscow
Weidner, D.J. (1975) Elasticity of microcrystals. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2:189-192
Witte, A.J. de (1962) On elastic wave propagation in crystals with applications to calcite and quartz. Eng. Exp. Station Techn. Rep. No. 4, Univ. of Illinois