On a type classification of lower crustal layers under Precambrian regions
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jan 22, 1981
Keywords:
Precambrian regions,
Crustal structure,
Electromagnetic induction studies,
Seismic studies
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
Various parameters pertinent to the lower crustal layer under Precambrian regions are listed for locations where seismic, and geomagnetic or geoelectric, studies have been undertaken. The parameters define three distinct types of lower crustal layer with certain dominant characteristics: Type I – "Normal" – typical continental seismic parameters and a high electrical resistivity (103–104 Ωm); Type II – "Intermediate" – high compressional wave velocity (either fixed Vp = 7.0 km s-1 or transitional Vp = 6.7 → 7.3 km s-1) and a moderate resistivity (100–300 Ωm); Type III – "Low" – a low shear wave velocity layer (LVsL), high Poisson's ratio (> 0.30) and low electrical resistivity (10–50 Ωm). Possible conditions and rock types, existing at the P–T environment of the lower crust and which could account for the observations, are suggested. The zoning of Canada into types implies that Type II layers are shield "edge" effects, and that inability to observe what is regarded as the final stage of development of a shield region under certain shields may be due to their being too small.
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Jones, A. (1981). On a type classification of lower crustal layers under Precambrian regions. Journal of Geophysics, 49(1), 226-233. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/185
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References
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Blohm, E.K., Worzyk, P., Scriba, H. (1977) Geoelectrical Deep Soundings in southern Africa using the Cabora Bassa power line. J. Geophys. 43:665-679
Bloomer, J.R., Richardson, S.W., Oxburgh, E.R. (1979) Heat flow in Britain: an assessment of the values and their reliability. In: Cermak, V., Rybach, L. (Eds.) Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe, Inter-Union Comm. Geodyn. Sci. Rep. No. 58, pp. 293-300. Springer, Berlin
Bondarenko, A.T., Galdin, N.Y. (1972) On the physiomechanical and electrical properties of basalts at high pressures and temperatures. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Earth Physics 5:28-40
Bozhko, G.N., Starovoit, O.E. (1969) Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves on the Russian platform. In: Bisztricsany, E. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Eight Assembly of the European Seismological Commission, pp. 339-343. Budapest, Hungary: Akad. Kiado
Brace, W.F. (1971) Resistivity of Saturated Crustal Rocks to 40 km based on laboratory studies. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth's Crust, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol. 14, pp. 243-255. Washington, D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Bungum, H., Pirhonen, S.E., Husebye, E.S. (1980) Crustal thickness in Fennoscandia. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 63:759-774
Carte, A.E., Rooyen, A.I.M. van (1969) Further measurements of heat flow in South Africa. Upper Mantle Project. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. 2:445-448
Christensen, N.I. (1965) Compressional wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to 10 kilobars. J. Geophys. Res. 70:6147-6154
Christensen, N.I. (1966) Shear wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to 10 kilobars. J. Geophys. Res. 71:3549-3556
Christensen, N.I. (1979) Compressional wave velocities in rocks at high temperatures and pressures, critical thermal gradients and crustal low-velocity zones. J. Geophys. Res. 84:6849-6857
Connerney, J.E.P., Kuckes, A.F. (1980) Gradient analysis of geomagnetic fluctuations in the Adirondacks. J. Geophys. Res. 85:2615-2624
Connerney, J.E.P., Nekut, A., Kuckes, A.F. (1980) Deep crustal electrical conductivity in the Adirondacks. J. Geophys. Res. 85:2603-2614
Daly, R.A., Manger, G.E., Clark, S.P. (1966) Density of rocks. In: Clark, S.P. (Ed.) Handbook of Physical Constants, pp. 19-26. New York: Geol. Soc. Am. Inc.
Dewey, J.F. (1969a) Continental margins: a model for conversion of Atlantic type to Andean type. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 189-197
Dewey, J.F. (1969b) Evolution of the Appalachian/Caledonian orogen. Nature 222:124-219
Drake, C.L., Ewing, M., Sutton, G.H. (1959) Continental margins and geosynclines: The east coast of North America, north of Cape Hatteras. In: Ahrens, L.H., Press, F., Rankama, K., Runcorn, S.K. (Eds.) Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 2, pp. 110-198. London: Pergamon Press
Duncan, P.M., Hwang, A., Edwards, R.N., Bailey, R.C., Garland, G.D. (1980) The development and applications of a wide band electromagnetic sounding system using a pseudo-noise source. Geophysics 45:1276-1296
Edwards, R.N., Bailey, R.C., Garland, G.D. (1980) Crustal and upper mantle electrical conductivity studies with natural and artificial sources. In: Strangway, D.W. (Ed.) The Continental Crust and Its Mineral Deposits, Spec. Pap. No. 20, pp. 255-271. Geol. Assoc. Can.
Edwards, R.N., Greenhouse, J.P. (1975) Geomagnetic variations in the eastern United States: evidence for a highly conducting lower crust. Science 188:726-728
Eriksson, K.G., Malmquist, D. (1979) A review of the Past and Present Investigations of Heat Flow in Sweden. In: Cermak, V., Rybach, L. (Eds.) Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe, Inter-Union Comm. Geodyn. Sci. Rep No. 58, pp. 267-277. Springer, Berlin
Green, A.G., Stephenson, O.G., Mann, G.D., Kanasewich, E.R., Cumming, G.L., Hajnal, Z., Mair, J.A., West, G.F. (1980) Cooperative surveys across the Superior-Churchill boundary zone in southern Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 17:617-632
Haak, V. (1980) Relations between electrical conductivity and the petrological parameters of the crust and upper mantle. Geophys. Surveys 4:57-69
Hall, D.H. (1977) Partial melting and mineral-stability boundaries and their bearing on the seismic exploration of the lithosphere in Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 14:2638-2650
Hall, D.H., Hajnal, Z. (1973) Deep seismic crustal studies in Manitoba. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 63:885-910
Healy, J.H. (1971) A comment on the evidence for a worldwide zone of low seismic velocity at shallow depths in the Earth's crust. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth's Crust, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol.14, pp. 35-40. Washington, D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Hirschleber, H.B., Lund, C.-E., Meissner, R., Vogel, A., Weinrebe, W. (1975) Seismic investigations along the Scandinavian "Blue Road" traverse. J. Geophys. 41:135-148
Housley, R.M., Oliver, J.R. (1977) Electrical characteristics of igneous Precambrian basement rocks of central North America. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Earth's Crust, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol. 20, pp. 181-195. Washington, D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Hutton, V.R.S., Dawes, G., Ingham, M., Kirkwood, S., Mbipom, E.W., Sik, J. (1981) Recent studies of time variations of natural electromagnetic fields in Scotland. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 24:66-87
Hutton, V.R.S., Ingham, M.R., Mbipom, E.W. (1980) An electrical model of the crust and upper mantle in Scotland. Nature 287:30-33
Hyndman, R.D., Hyndman, D.W. (1968) Water saturation and high electrical conductivity in the lower continental crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 4:427-432
Jacobson, J.J. (1969) Deep electromagnetic sounding technique. D.Sc. Thesis T-1252. Golden, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines
Jentsch, M. (1979) Reinterpretation of a deep-seismic-sounding profile on the Ukrainian shield. J. Geophys. 45:355-372
Jones, A.G. (1980) Geomagnetic induction studies in Scandinavia - I. Determination of the inductive response function from the magnetometer array data. J. Geophys. 48:181-194
Jones, A.G. (1981) On the electrical crust-upper mantle structure in Fennoscandia: No Moho, and the Asthenosphere revealed? Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. (In press)
Jones, A.G., Hutton, R. (1979) A multi-station magnetotelluric study in southern Scotland - II. Monte-Carlo inversion of the data and its geophysical and tectonic implications. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 56:351-368
Jordan, T.H., Frazer, L.N. (1975) Crustal and upper mantle structure from SP phases. J. Geophys. Res. 80:1504-1518
Keen, C.E., Hyndman, R.D. (1979) Geophysical review of the continental margins of eastern and western Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 16:712-747
Keller, G.V. (1971) Electrical studies of the Crust and Upper Mantle. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth's Crust, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol. 14, pp. 107-125. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Kosminskaya, I.P., Pavlenkova, N.I. (1979) Seismic models of inner parts of the Euro-Asian continent and its margins. Tectonophysics 59:307-320
Kovtun, A.A. (1976 ) Induction studies in stable shield and platform areas. Acta Geod. Geophys. Montan. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11, 333-346 (paper originally presented as a Review at the Third IAGA Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Sopron, Hungary, 4-10 July 1976)
Kovtun, A.A., Chicherina, N.D. (1969) Results of magnetotelluric investigations in the central Russian depression. In: Magnetotelluric methods for studying the structure of the Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle (In Russian). Moscow: Nauka
Kurtz, R.D., Garland, G.D. (1976) Magnetotelluric measurements in eastern Canada. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 45:321-347
Kutas, RI., Lubimova, E.A., Smirnov, Ya.B. (1979) Heat flow studies in the European part of the Soviet Union. In: Cermak, V., Rybach, L. (Eds.) Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe, Inter-Union Comm. Geodyn. Sci. Rep. No. 58, pp. 301-308. Springer, Berlin
Lachenbruch, A.H., Sass, J.H. (1977) Heat flow in the United States and the Thermal Regime of the crust. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Earth's Crust: Its nature and physical properties, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol. 20, pp. 626-675. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Landisman, M., Mueller, S., Mitchell, B.J. (1971) Review of evidence for velocity inversions in the continental crust. In: Heacock, J.G. (Ed.) The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth's Crust, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. Vol. 14, pp. 11-34. Washington D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union
Lund, C.-E. (1979) Crustal structure along the Blue Road Profile in northern Scandinavia. Geol. Faren. Stockholm Forh. 101:191-204
Manghnani, M.H., Ramananantoandro, R., Clark, S.P. (1974) Compressional and shear wave velocities in Granulite Facies rocks and Eclogites to 10 kbar. J. Geophys. Res. 79:5427-5446
Masse, R.P., Alexander, S.S. (1974) Compressional velocity distribution beneath Scandinavia and western Russia. Geophys. J. 39:587-602
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