Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents: 3. Auroral zone currents during the passage of a westward travelling surge
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ground magnetic perturbations and ionospheric electric fields have been observed by the Scandinavian Magnetometer Array and the STARE radars, respectively, during the passage of a westward travelling surge in the late evening sector. On the basis of these measurements, the three-dimensional current system in the vicinity of the westward travelling surge is modelled. The results support a current model recently proposed by Rostoker and co-workers on the basis of purely magnetic ground-based measurements. In particular, we can identify an upward field-aligned current of about 5 x 104 A in the head of the surge. Ahead of the surge, we find a south-eastward directed electric field. Additionally, we have some evidence for the existence of a southwestward directed electric field east of the surge. The latter may be explained by the generation of polarisation charges at the northern and southern boundaries of the higher conducting region east of the surge's head.
ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y068400
Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/156
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal as of Vol. 63 agree to the following terms:
a. Authors share the copyright with this journal in equal parts (50% to the journal, 50% to the lead author), and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work after publication simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal, and a reference to this copyright notice.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work and better sales of the copyright.
Author Self-archiving
Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Geophysics right of first publication, with the work three years after publication simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 License that allows others to share the work (with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal), except for commercial purposes and for creating derivatives.
Authors can enter into separate, additional, but non-commercial contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository, but not publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as that can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Additional Notes
This journal is one of a handful of scholarly journals that publish original scientific works under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - the only Creative Commons license affording the authors' intellectual property absolute worldwide protection.
Journal of Geophysics is published under the scholar-publishers model, meaning authors do not surrender their copyright to us. Instead, and unlike corporate publishers like Elsevier or Springer Nature that resell copyright to third-parties for up to $80,000 (per paper, per transaction!), the Journal of Geophysics authors share copyright equally with this journal.
Therefore, all the proceeds from reselling copyright to third parties get shared to equal parts (50% to the journal, 50% to the lead author). Under the Berne Convention, this protection is an inheritable right that lasts for as long as the rightsholder lives + 50 years.
By submitting to this journal, the lead author, on behalf of all co-authors, grants permission to this journal to represent all co-authors in negotiating copyright sales and collecting proceeds. The lead author should negotiate with his/her co-authors the modalities of distributing the lead author's portion of the proceeds. Usually, this is per pre-agreed percentage of each co-author's contribution to creating the copyrighted work. (more...)
References
Akasofu, S.-I., Meng, C.-l., Kimball, D.S. (1966) Dynamics of the aurora - IV. Polar magnetic substorms and westward travelling surges. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 28:489-496
Akasofu, S.-I., Eather, R.H., Bradbury, J.N. (1969) The absence of the hydrogen emission (HiJ) in the westward travelling surge. Planet. Space Sci. 17:1409-1412
Banks, P.M., Doupnik, J.R. (1975) A review of auroral zone electrodynamics deduced from incoherent scatter radar observations. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 37:951-972
Banks, P.M., Doupnik, J.R., Akasofu, S.-I. (1973) Electric field observations by incoherent scatter radar in the auroral zone. J. Geophys. Res. 78:6607-0622
Baumjohann, W., Kamide, Y. (1981) Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents. 2. Three-dimensional current flow in the morning sector during substorm recovery. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 33 (In press)
Baumjohann, W., Untiedt, J., Greenwald, R.A. (1980) Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents. I. Three-dimensional current flows associated with a substorm-intensified eastward electrojet. J. Geophys. Res. 85:1963-1978
Baumjohann, W., Pellinen, R.J., Opgenoorth, H.J., Nielsen, E. (1981) Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents. 4. Current systems associated with local auroral breakups. Planet. Space Sci. 29 (In press)
Boyd, J.S., Belon, A.E., Romick, G.J. (1971) Latitude and time variations in precipitated electron energy inferred from measurements of auroral height. J. Geophys. Res. 76:7694-7700
Cahill, L.J. Jr., Greenwald, R.A., Nielsen, E. (1978) Auroral radar and rocket double-probe observations of the electric field across the Harangdiscontinuity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 5:687-690
Ecklund, W.L., Balsley, B.B., Carter, D.A. (1977) A preliminary comparison of F region plasma drifts and E region irregularity drifts in the auroral zone. J. Geophys. Res. 82:195-197
Evans, D.S., Maynard, N.C., Trnim, J., Jacobsen, T., Egeland, A. (1977) Auroral vector electric field and particle comparisons. 2. Electrodynamics of an arc. J. Geophys. Res. 82:2235-2249
Farley, D.J. (1963) A plasma instability resulting in field-aligned irregularities in the ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 68:6083-6097
Greenwald, R.A., Weiss, W., Nielsen, E., Thomson, N.R. (1978) STARE: a new radar auroral backscatter experiment in northern Scandinavia. Radio Sci. 13:1021-1039
Gustafsson, G. (1970) A revised corrected geomagnetic coordinate system. Ark. Geofys. 5:595-617
Horwitz, J.L., Doupnik, J.R., Banks, P.M. (1978) Chatanika radar observaions of the latitudinal distributions of auroral zone electric fields, conductivities, and currents. J. Geo phys. Res. 83:1463-1481
Kamide, Y., Brekke, A. (1977) Altitude of the eastward and westward auroral electrojets. J. Geophys. Res. 82:2851-2853
Kisabeth, J.L., Rostoker, G. (1973) Current flow in auroral loops and surges inferred from ground-based magnetic observations. J. Geophys. Res. 78:5573-5584
Kuppers, F., Untiedt, J., Baumjohann, W., Lange, K., Jones, A.G. (1979) A two-dimensional magnetometer array for ground-based observations of auroral zone electric currents during the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS). J. Geophys. 46:429-450
Maurer, H., Theile, B. (1978) Parameters of the auroral electrojet from magnetic variations along a meridian. J. Geophys. 44:415-426
Meng, C.-I., Snyder, A.L., Kroehl, H.W. (1978) Observations of auroral westward travelling surges and electron precipitations. J. Geophys. Res. 83:575-585
Reme, H., Bosqued, J.M. (1973) Rocket observations of electron precipitation in a westward travelling surge. J. Geophys. Res. 78:5553-5558
Rogister, A., D'Angelo, N. (1970) Type II irregularities in the equatorial electrojet. J. Geophys. Res. 75:3879-3887
Rostoker, G., Hughes, T.J. (1979) A comprehensive model current system for high-latitude magnetic activity - II. The substorm component. Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc. 58:571-581
Tighe, W.G., Rostoker, G. (1981) Characteristics of westward travelling surges during magnetospheric substorms. J. Geophys. (In press)