Oceanic basalt magnetic properties and the Vine and Matthews Hypothesis
Article Sidebar
Published:
Nov 28, 1974
Keywords:
DSDP Basalt,
Paleomagnetism,
Magnetic Properties,
Viscous Remanent Magnetization,
Rock Magnetism
Volumes
Vols. 1-18 (1924-1944), ISSN 0044-2801
Main Article Content
Abstract
Konigsberger ratios of DSDP basalts were rather low (mean value around 7) but were usually high enough to justify interpreting oceanic anomalies with a remanent magnetization model. Natural remanent magnetizations were considerably lower than in dredged basalts but were strong enough to account for amplitudes of oceanic magnetic anomalies. Both stable and unstable remanent types were encountered. The observed stable inclinations showed a large scatter when compared to expected inclinations, largely due to non-cancellation of secular variation. All the basalts were categorized in deuteric oxidation Class I by opaque petrology observations. Extensive maghemitization, inferred from thermomagnetic analyses, may explain the low NRM intensities. Unstable specimens easily acquired large viscous remanent magnetizations, in some cases as large as the NRM. The basalt magnetic properties were in general accord with the expectations of the Vine and Matthews hypothesis.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Lowrie, W. (1974). Oceanic basalt magnetic properties and the Vine and Matthews Hypothesis. Journal of Geophysics, 40(1), 513-536. Retrieved from https://journal.geophysicsjournal.com/JofG/article/view/103
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References
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Briden, J.C., Ward, M.A. (1966) Analysis of magnetic inclination in borecores. Pure Appl. Geophys. 63:133-152
Brooke, J., Irving, E., Park, J.K. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge at 45°N: XIII. Magnetic properties of basalt bore core. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1515-1527
Butler, R.F. (1973) Stable single-domain to superparamagnetic transition during lowtemperature oxidation of oceanic basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 78:6868-6876
Carmichael, C.M. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45 °N: VII. Magnetic properties and opaque mineralogy of dredged samples. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:239-256
Colombo, U., Fagherazzi, G., Gazzarini, F., Lanzavecchia, G., Sironi, G. (1968) Mechanism of low-temperature oxidation of magnetites. Nature 219:1036-1037
Cox, A., Doell, R.R. (1962) Magnetic properties of the basalt in hole EM7, Mohole Project. J. Geophys. Res. 67:3997-4004
Creer, K.M. (1962) The dispersion of the geomagnetic field due to secular variation and its determination for remote times from paleomagnetic data. J. Geophys. Res. 67:3461-3476
Creer, K.M. (1970) A paleomagnetic survey of South American rock formations. Phil. Trans. Roy Soc. London A267:457-558
de Boer, J., Schilling, J.G., Krause, D.C. (1970) Reykjanes ridge: implications of magnetic properties of dredged rock. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 9:55-60
Dunlop, D.J. (1973) Theory of the magnetic viscosity of lunar rocks. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 11:855-901
Evans, M.E., Wayman, M.L. (1972) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: XIX. An electron microscope investigation of the magnetic minerals in basalt samples Can. J. Earth Sci. 9:671-678
Fox, P.J., Opdyke, N.D. (1973) Geology of the oceanic crust: Magnetic properties of oceanic rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 78:5139-5154
Herron, E.M. (1972) Sea-floor spreading and the Cenozoic history of the East Central Pacific. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83:1671-1692
Irving, E. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge at 45°N: XIV. Oxidation and magnetic properties of basalt; review and discussion. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1528-1538
Irving, E., Robertson, W.A., Aumento,F. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: VI. Remanent intensity, susceptibility and iron content. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:226-238
Johnson, H.P., Merrill, R.T. (1973) Low-temperature oxidation of a titanomagnetite and the implications for paleomagnetism. J. Geophys. Res. 78:4938-4949
Lowrie, W. (1973) Viscous remanent magnetization in oceanic basalts, Nature 243:27-29
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Lowrie, W., Lovlie, R., Opdyke, N.D. (1973a) The magnetic properties of Deep Sea Drilling Project basalts from the Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 17:338-349
Lowrie, W., Lovlie, R., Opdyke, N.D. (1973b) Magnetic properties of Deep Sea Drilling Project basalts from the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 78:7647-7660
Luyendyk, B.P., Melson, W.G. (1967) Magnetic properties and petrology of rocks near the crest of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Nature 215:147-149
MacDonald, W.D., Opdyke, N.D. (1972) Tectonic rotations suggested by paleomagnetic results from Northern Colombia, South America. J. Geophys. Res. 77:5720-5730
McElhinny, M.W. (1973) Paleomagnetism and Plate Tectonics. 358 pp. Cambridge University Press
Marshall, M., Cox, A. (1972) Magnetic changes in pillow basalt due to sea-floor weathering. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6459-6469
Matthews, D.H. (1961) Lavas from an abyssal hill on the floor of the N. Atlantic ocean. Nature 190:158-159
Nagata. T. (1962) Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic minerals of Fe-Ti-0 system, Proc. Benedum Symposium, pp. 69-86, Univ. Pittsburgh Press
Opdyke, N.D., Hekinian, R. (1967) Magnetic properties of some igneous rocks from the mid-Atlantic ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 72:2257-2260
Ozima, M., Ozima, M. (1971) Characteristic thermomagnetic curve in submarine basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 76:2051-2056
Park, J.K., Irving, E. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: XII. Coercivity, secondary magnetization, polarity, and thermal stability of dredged samples. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1499-1514
Parry, L.G. (1965) Magnetic properties of dispersed magnetite powders. Phil. Mag. 11:303-312
Phillips, J.D., Forsyth, D. (1972) Plate tectonics, paleomagnetism and the opening of the Atlantic. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83:1579-1600
Readman, P.W., O'Reilly, W. (1972) Magnetic properties of oxidized (cation-deficient) titanomagnetites (Fe, Ti, □)3 O4. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 24:69-90
Schaeffer, R.M., Schwarz, E.J. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: IX. Thermomagnetics of dredged samples of igneous rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:268-273
Stacey, F.D. (1962) A generalized theory of thermoremanence, covering the transition from single domain to multi-domain magnetic grains. Phil. Mag. 7:1887-1900
Talwani, M., Windisch, C., Langseth, M.G., Jr (1971) Reykjanes ridge crest: A detailed geophysical study. J. Geophys. Res. 76:473-517
Vine, F.J., Matthews, D.H. (1963) Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges. Nature 199:947-949
Vogt, P.R., Ostenso, N.A. (1966) Magnetic survey over the mid-Atlantic ridge between 42°N and 46°N. J. Geophys. Res. 71:4389-4411
Watkins, N.D., Cambray, F.W. (1970) Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous dikes from Jamaica. Geophys. J. 212:163-179
Watkins, N.D., Paster, T.P. (1971) The magnetic properties of igneous rocks from the ocean floor. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A268:507-550
Weissel, J.K., Hayes, D.E. (1972) Magnetic anomalies in the southeast Indian Ocean, Antarctic Oceanology II, The Australian-New Zealand Sector. Antarctic Res. Ser. Vol. 19:165-196 (Ed. Hayes, D.E.), AGU Washington, D.C.
Wilson, R.L., Watkins, N.D. (1967) Correlation of petrology and natural magnetic polarity in Columbia plateau basalts. Geophys. J. 12:405-424
Ade-Hall, J.M., Palmer, H.C., Hubbard, T.P. (1971) The magnetic and opaque petrologic response of basalts to regional hydrothermal alteration. Geophys. J. 24:137-174
Ade-Hall, J.M., Aumento, F., Brooke, J., McKeown, D.L., Ryall, P.J.C., Gerstein, R. (1973) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45 °N: XII. Magnetic results from basalt drill cores from the median valley. Can. J. Earth Sci. 10:679-696
Briden, J.C., Ward, M.A. (1966) Analysis of magnetic inclination in borecores. Pure Appl. Geophys. 63:133-152
Brooke, J., Irving, E., Park, J.K. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge at 45°N: XIII. Magnetic properties of basalt bore core. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1515-1527
Butler, R.F. (1973) Stable single-domain to superparamagnetic transition during lowtemperature oxidation of oceanic basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 78:6868-6876
Carmichael, C.M. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45 °N: VII. Magnetic properties and opaque mineralogy of dredged samples. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:239-256
Colombo, U., Fagherazzi, G., Gazzarini, F., Lanzavecchia, G., Sironi, G. (1968) Mechanism of low-temperature oxidation of magnetites. Nature 219:1036-1037
Cox, A., Doell, R.R. (1962) Magnetic properties of the basalt in hole EM7, Mohole Project. J. Geophys. Res. 67:3997-4004
Creer, K.M. (1962) The dispersion of the geomagnetic field due to secular variation and its determination for remote times from paleomagnetic data. J. Geophys. Res. 67:3461-3476
Creer, K.M. (1970) A paleomagnetic survey of South American rock formations. Phil. Trans. Roy Soc. London A267:457-558
de Boer, J., Schilling, J.G., Krause, D.C. (1970) Reykjanes ridge: implications of magnetic properties of dredged rock. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 9:55-60
Dunlop, D.J. (1973) Theory of the magnetic viscosity of lunar rocks. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 11:855-901
Evans, M.E., Wayman, M.L. (1972) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: XIX. An electron microscope investigation of the magnetic minerals in basalt samples Can. J. Earth Sci. 9:671-678
Fox, P.J., Opdyke, N.D. (1973) Geology of the oceanic crust: Magnetic properties of oceanic rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 78:5139-5154
Herron, E.M. (1972) Sea-floor spreading and the Cenozoic history of the East Central Pacific. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83:1671-1692
Irving, E. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge at 45°N: XIV. Oxidation and magnetic properties of basalt; review and discussion. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1528-1538
Irving, E., Robertson, W.A., Aumento,F. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: VI. Remanent intensity, susceptibility and iron content. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:226-238
Johnson, H.P., Merrill, R.T. (1973) Low-temperature oxidation of a titanomagnetite and the implications for paleomagnetism. J. Geophys. Res. 78:4938-4949
Lowrie, W. (1973) Viscous remanent magnetization in oceanic basalts, Nature 243:27-29
Lowrie, W., Hayes, D.E. Magnetic properties of oceanic basalt samples. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 28, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash-ington, D. C. (In press)
Lowrie, W., Opdyke, N.D. (1972) Paleomagnetism of igneous samples. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 14:777-784, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Lowrie, W., Opdyke, N.D. (1973) Paleomagnetism of igneous and sedimentary samples, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. vol. 15:1017-1022 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Lowrie, W., Lovlie, R., Opdyke, N.D. (1973a) The magnetic properties of Deep Sea Drilling Project basalts from the Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 17:338-349
Lowrie, W., Lovlie, R., Opdyke, N.D. (1973b) Magnetic properties of Deep Sea Drilling Project basalts from the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 78:7647-7660
Luyendyk, B.P., Melson, W.G. (1967) Magnetic properties and petrology of rocks near the crest of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Nature 215:147-149
MacDonald, W.D., Opdyke, N.D. (1972) Tectonic rotations suggested by paleomagnetic results from Northern Colombia, South America. J. Geophys. Res. 77:5720-5730
McElhinny, M.W. (1973) Paleomagnetism and Plate Tectonics. 358 pp. Cambridge University Press
Marshall, M., Cox, A. (1972) Magnetic changes in pillow basalt due to sea-floor weathering. J. Geophys. Res. 77:6459-6469
Matthews, D.H. (1961) Lavas from an abyssal hill on the floor of the N. Atlantic ocean. Nature 190:158-159
Nagata. T. (1962) Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic minerals of Fe-Ti-0 system, Proc. Benedum Symposium, pp. 69-86, Univ. Pittsburgh Press
Opdyke, N.D., Hekinian, R. (1967) Magnetic properties of some igneous rocks from the mid-Atlantic ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 72:2257-2260
Ozima, M., Ozima, M. (1971) Characteristic thermomagnetic curve in submarine basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 76:2051-2056
Park, J.K., Irving, E. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: XII. Coercivity, secondary magnetization, polarity, and thermal stability of dredged samples. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:1499-1514
Parry, L.G. (1965) Magnetic properties of dispersed magnetite powders. Phil. Mag. 11:303-312
Phillips, J.D., Forsyth, D. (1972) Plate tectonics, paleomagnetism and the opening of the Atlantic. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83:1579-1600
Readman, P.W., O'Reilly, W. (1972) Magnetic properties of oxidized (cation-deficient) titanomagnetites (Fe, Ti, □)3 O4. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 24:69-90
Schaeffer, R.M., Schwarz, E.J. (1970) The mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N: IX. Thermomagnetics of dredged samples of igneous rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci. 7:268-273
Stacey, F.D. (1962) A generalized theory of thermoremanence, covering the transition from single domain to multi-domain magnetic grains. Phil. Mag. 7:1887-1900
Talwani, M., Windisch, C., Langseth, M.G., Jr (1971) Reykjanes ridge crest: A detailed geophysical study. J. Geophys. Res. 76:473-517
Vine, F.J., Matthews, D.H. (1963) Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges. Nature 199:947-949
Vogt, P.R., Ostenso, N.A. (1966) Magnetic survey over the mid-Atlantic ridge between 42°N and 46°N. J. Geophys. Res. 71:4389-4411
Watkins, N.D., Cambray, F.W. (1970) Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous dikes from Jamaica. Geophys. J. 212:163-179
Watkins, N.D., Paster, T.P. (1971) The magnetic properties of igneous rocks from the ocean floor. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A268:507-550
Weissel, J.K., Hayes, D.E. (1972) Magnetic anomalies in the southeast Indian Ocean, Antarctic Oceanology II, The Australian-New Zealand Sector. Antarctic Res. Ser. Vol. 19:165-196 (Ed. Hayes, D.E.), AGU Washington, D.C.
Wilson, R.L., Watkins, N.D. (1967) Correlation of petrology and natural magnetic polarity in Columbia plateau basalts. Geophys. J. 12:405-424